Order II.
Salt-Salts—Neutral Salts.
(Combinations of acids with alkalies.)
1-4.Fluoric-acid
5.Boracic-acidBorax.
6.Sulphuric-acidSulphate of soda, Sulphate of potash.
7.Arsenic-acid.
8.Hydrochloric-acidRock-salt, Muriate of soda, Sal-ammoniacum or salmiac.
9.Nitric-acidNitrate of potash or saltpetre, Cream of tartar.
10.Carbonic-acidSoda, Subcarbonate of potash, Binoxalate of potash, Acetate of potash.
Order III.
Inflammable-Salts—Saponaceous-compounds.
(Soluble, and at the same time combustible bodies.)
1-4.Earth-SoapsCalcareo-sulphuret of potash.
5.Salt-SoapsCommon sulphuret of potash.
6.Inflammable-SoapsFatty or soft soaps.
7.Metallic-SoapsMetallic Soaps.
8.Water-SoapsAnimal mucilages.
9.Air-SoapsSaccharum or sugar.
10.Fire-SoapsVegetable extracts.
Order IV.
Ore-Salts—Vitriols.
(Combinations of acids with metals.)
1-4.Fluoric-acid
5.Boracic-acid
6.Sulphuric-acidIron, Copper, Zinc, Vitriol.
7.Arsenic-acidWhite arsenic.
8.Hydrochloric-acidCalomel, Corrosive sublimate.
9.Nitric-acidNitrate of silver.
10.Carbonic-acidSugar of lead.

CLASS III.

AIR-EARTHS—INFLAMMABLES.

542. It is very difficult to arrange this class, because it has been wholly neglected by mineralogists, and is, properly speaking, quite unknown to them, because they have had recourse only to those combustible bodies which occur accidentally in the earth, while according to philosophical principles everything belongs to the province of natural history, that has originated or may originate in nature, so that its situation is a matter of complete indifference. If we follow the same laws according to which the earths and salts have been so excellently arranged, we must here also adopt four orders, namely, combustible things which bear a resemblance to earths, others to salts, others to metals; finally, others which represent combustibility in a pure state, and thus we obtain—

1. Earth-InflammablesCoals.
2. Salt-InflammablesFats.
3. Inflammable-InflammablesResins.
4. Ore-InflammablesColouring matters.

The Earth-inflammables will be such as are solid and burn, without becoming fluid, e. g. Common Coal. The Salt-inflammables will either be or become fluid before they undergo combustion, and are readily converted of themselves into acids, e. g. Animal and Vegetable Fats. The Inflammable-inflammables will be of a sulphurous character, solid or fluid, fragile, electric, fetid and fluid before they burn. These properties are found in the Resins. The Ore-inflammables are those which, independently of their combustibility, possess pre-eminently one property of metals, namely their non-transparency, or coloration, e. g. the Pigments or colouring matters from the organic kingdoms.

Order I.
Earth-Inflammables—Coals.
1-4.Earth-CoalsCommon-coal, a mixture of coal and earths.
5.Salt-CoalsGunpowder, viz. a combination of charcoal with a salt.
6.Inflammable-CoalsGlance-coal, viz. carbon without earths.
7.Ore-CoalsBlack-lead, or carburet of iron.
8.Water-CoalsPeat-bog and brown or Common coal?
9.Air-CoalsLignite or wood-coal?
10.Fire-CoalsAnimal carbon, fibrine.
Order II.
Salt-Inflammables—Adipaceous or Unctuous bodies.
1-4.Earth-fatsSpermaceti? Tallow.
5.Salt-fatsLard and Train-oil?
6.Inflammable-fatsButter?
7.Ore-fatsWax?
8.Water-fatsVegetable oils?
9.Air-fatsDesiccative or drying oils.
10.Fire-fatsGreasy oils.
Order III.
Inflammable-Inflammables—Resins.
1-4.Earth-resinsSulphur, Phosphorus.
5.Saline-resinsChloride of sulphur, Chlorate of Sulphur.
6.Inflammable-resinsMineral-pitch, Amber, Turpentine.
7.Ore-resinsBalsams.
8.Water-resinsGum-resins.
9.Air-resinsÆtherial oils.
10.Fire-resinsAlcohol, Æther.
Order IV.
Ore-Inflammables—Pigments.
1-4.Earth-pigmentsOchre-pigments.
5.Salt-pigmentsSoluble-pigments from roots and wood, such as Krapp and Dier's-weed.
6.Inflammable-pigmentsRetinoid-pigments from roots and wood, such as Dragon's-blood, Turmeric.
7.Ore-pigmentsIndigo or devil's-dye.
8.Water-pigmentsSap-colours, such as Sap-green, Oak-gall.
9.Air-pigmentsFlower colours, such as Saffranon and Saffron.
10.Fire-pigmentsAnimal colours, as Scarlet and Blood-red.

CLASS IV.

FIRE-EARTHS—ORES.

543. The metals are again easier of arrangement, because they have a resemblance to earths and have been better worked out both in chemistry and mineralogy. They divide very naturally into—