[112] Quoted from Arminius Vambéry, Western Culture in Eastern Lands, pp. 305-306 (London, 1906).
[113] A.H. Lybyer, "The Turkish Parliament," Proceedings of the American Political Science Association, Vol. VII., p. 67 (1910).
[114] Vambéry, op. cit., p. 307.
[115] A good account of these liberal movements during the nineteenth century is found in Vambéry, "Freiheitliche Bestrebungen im moslimischen Asien," Deutsche Rundschau, October, 1893; a shorter summary of Vambéry's views is found in his Western Culture in Eastern Lands, especially chap. v. Also, see articles by Léon Cahun, previously noted, in Lavisse et Rambaud, Histoire Générale, Vols. XI. and XII.
[116] Vambéry, supra, p. 332.
[117] Vambéry, La Turquie d'aujourd'hui et d'avant Quarante Ans, p. 22 (Paris, 1898).
[118] W. Morgan Shuster, The Strangling of Persia, p. xxi (New York, 1912).
[119] Cromer, Political and Literary Essays, pp. 25-28.
[120] E. J. Dillon, "Persia not Ripe for Self-Government," Contemporary Review, April, 1910.
[121] E. Mercier, La Question indigène, p. 220 (Paris, 1901).