[240] Vambéry, La Turquie d'aujourd'hui et d'avant Quarante Ans, p. 13.

[241] I. e. the priestly class.

[242] Vambéry, La Turquie d'aujourd'hui et d'avant Quarante Ans, p. 15.

[243] Vambéry, La Turquie d'aujourd'hui et d'avant Quarante Ans, p. 51.

[244] Bukhsh, Essays: Indian and Islamic, pp. 221-226.

[245] Bukhsh, Essays: Indian and Islamic, p. 240.

[246] The purdah is the curtain separating the women's apartments from the rest of the house.

[247] Bukhsh, Essays: Indian and Islamic, pp. 254-255.

[248] For progress in Western education in the Orient, under both European and native auspices, see L. Bertrand, Le Mirage oriental, pp. 291-392; C. S. Cooper, The Modernizing of the Orient, pp. 3-13, 24-64.

[249] In his Introduction to Sir Valentine Chirol's Indian Unrest, p. xii.