CONTENTS

CHAPTER PAGE
I.—Introductory—Historical[1]
II.—Fermented Milks[15]
III.—The Chemistry of Milk[47]
IV.—Handling of Milk[68]
V.—The Bacteriology of Fermented or Soured Milk[84]
VI.—The Preparation of Soured Milk in the House[125]
VII.—The Preparation of Soured Milk in the Dairy[139]
VIII.—Soured Milk in Health and Disease[151]
Index[165]

ILLUSTRATIONS

FIG. PAGE
The Oldest Woman in the World and her Son [frontispiece]
The Pass of Bukova[2]
Kabyles Souring Milk[4]
The Handling of Milk in the Pyrenees[8]
The Constituents of Milk[48]
1.—Micro-Photograph of a Drop of Whole Milk[58]
2.—Micro-Photograph of Separated Milk[58]
3.—Micro-Photograph of Cream[58]
4.—Photograph of Two Petri Dishes, which have been Inoculated with Ordinary Milk[60]
5.—The Creamometer[62]
6.—Testing-Glass for Extraneous Matter in Milk[62]
7.—Lactometer and Test-Glass[64]
8.—Pasteuriser[78]
9.—Continuous Apparatus for the Production of Large Quantities of Soured Milk[82]
10.—A Milk-Filling Apparatus[90]
11.—Section through a Kephir Grain[94]
12.—Streptococcus lacticus (Grotenfeldt) Growing on Lactose-Agar, Stained by Gram's Method[96]
13.—Photo-Micrograph of Preparation from Armenian Soured Milk[106]
14.—Granule Bacillus from Yoghourt. Shredded Preparation of a Fresh Skim-Milk Culture[110]
15.—Granule Bacillus from Yoghourt, Cultivated after the Usual Agar Method[110]
16.—Granule Bacillus from Yoghourt. Agar Milk Sugar Culture[110]
17.—Bacteria W. from Milk, Cultivated Twenty-Four Hours[110]
18.—Agar Milk Sugar Culture. From the Original Bulgarian Yoghourt[112]
19.—Agar Milk Sugar Culture. Surface Colony of Granule Bacillus from Calf's Stomach[112]
20.—Agar Milk Sugar Culture. Deep-Lying Colony of Granule Bacillus from Calf's Stomach[112]
21.—Agar Milk Sugar. Colony of Bacterium W. from Yoghourt[112]
22.—Two Colonies of Bacillus Acidophilus from Calves' Manure[114]
23.—Beer-Wort Gelatine[114]
24.—Shredded Preparation of Bulgarian Original Yoghourt[114]
25.—Granule Bacillus from Yoghourt. Cultivated in Skim Milk in Twenty-Four Hours[114]
26.—Bacteria W., Agar Milk Sugar Culture[116]
27.—Bacteria acidophilus from Calves' Manure[116]
28.—Mucus from Calf's Stomach Inoculated into Milk after Eight Transferrings[116]
29.—Diplostreptococcus from Yoghourt. Pure Culture in Skim Milk[116]
30.—Photo-Micrograph of Preparation Made from Yoghourt, Showing Yeast Cells[118]
31.—Photo-Micrograph of Smear from Greek Curdled Milk Called "Giaourti"[118]
32.—Photo-Micrograph of Soured Milk Inoculated with a Tablet containing Viable and Pure Cultures of Bacillus bulgaricus[120]
33.— Photo-Micrograph of Milk Inoculated with a Ferment Table in which Bacillus bulgaricus is no Longer Viable[120]
34.—Photo-Micrograph of Smear of Culture of Bacillus bulgaricus[122]
35.—Bacillus bulgaricus, Showing the Cultures in English Cow's Milk[124]
36.—Photo-Micrograph of Pure Culture of Bacillus bulgaricus[124]
37.—Photo-Micrograph of Smear of Combined Culture of Bacillus bulgaricus and Bacteria paralacticus[124]
38.—Photo-Micrograph of Smear of One-Month Culture of Bacillus bulgaricus[126]
39.—Photo-Micrograph of Culture of Bacillus bulgaricus in Malt[126]
40.—Photo-Micrograph of Smear from Milk that had been Allowed to Sour Spontaneously[126]
41.—Photograph of Agar Culture, Inoculated with a Lactic Powder[128]
42.—Photograph of Test-Tubes of Sterile Milk, Inoculated with a Tablet Preparation Said to Contain Pure Cultures[128]
43.—Photograph of Test-Tubes of Sterile Milk, Each Tube having been Inoculated with a Tablet of a Preparation Said to Contain Pure Cultures[128]
44.—Photograph of Test-Tubes of Sterile Milk Inoculated with a Tablet of "Lactobacilline"[130]
45.—Apparatus of "Le Ferment" Co.[129]
46.—Soured Milk Apparatus of the Maya Bulgare Company, Limited[130]
47.—Lactic Ferments, Limited, Apparatus[131]
48.—Messrs. Allen & Hanbury's Soured Milk Apparatus[132]
49.—Vironelle Apparatus for Souring Milk, Made by Messrs. Clay, Paget & Company, Limited[132]
50.—.—"Lactobator" Made by Messrs. Charles Hearson & Co., Limited[140]
51.—Messrs. Hearson & Company's "Lactobator"[142]
52.—Edgar's "Lactogenerator," Sold by the Dairy Supply Co., Limited[143]
53.—Apparatus of the Willows Refrigerating Co., Limited[144]
54.—"Lacto" Apparatus of the Dairy Outfit Co., Limited[145]
55.—Sterilising Apparatus for Sterilising Milk On the Large Scale[146]
56.—Another Method of Sterilising (Dairy Supply Co., Ltd.). An American Apparatus for Preparing Soured Milk[148]
57.—An American Apparatus for Preparing Soured Milk[149]