CONTENTS

page

[CHAPTER I.]

Anatomy25

Introduction, 25; Definition, 26; General Structure of the Arteries, 27; Arteries, 29; Veins, 30; Capillaries, 31.

[CHAPTER II.]

Pathology32

Syphilitic Aortitis, 44; Experimental Arteriosclerosis, 50; Arteriosclerosis of the Pulmonary Arteries, 63; Sclerosis of the Veins, 64.

[CHAPTER III.]

Physiology of the Circulation65

Blood Pressure, 68; Blood Pressure Instruments, 70; Technic, 80; Arterial Pressure, 85; Normal Pressure Variations, 88; The Auscultatory Blood Pressure Phenomenon, 90; The Maximum and Minimum Pressures, 94; Relative Importance of the Systolic and Diastolic Pressures, 97; Pulse Pressure, 100; Blood Pressure Variations, 102; Hypertension, 106; Hypotension, 117; The Pulse, 123; The Venous Pulse, 123; The Electrocardiogram, 126.

[CHAPTER IV.]

Important Cardiac Irregularities Associated With Arteriosclerosis 13

Auricular Flutter, 131; Auricular Fibrillation, 133; Ventricular Fibrillation, 138; Extrasystole, 138; Heart Block, 140.

[CHAPTER V.]

Blood Pressure in Its Clinical Applications147

Blood Pressure in Surgery, 147; Head Injuries, 148; Shock and Hemorrhage, 148; Blood Pressure in Obstetrics, 152; Infectious Diseases, 153; Valvular Heart Disease, 155; Kidney Disease, 155; Other Diseases, Liver, Spleen, Abdomen, etc., 156.

[CHAPTER VI.]

Etiology157

Congenital Form, 157; Acquired Form, 159; Hypertension, 159; Age, Sex, Race, 161; Occupation, 162; Food Poisons, 163; Infectious Diseases, 163; Syphilis, 165; Chronic Drug Intoxications, 166; Overeating, 167; Mental Strain, 168; Muscular Overwork, 169; Renal Disease, 169; Ductless Glands, 171.

[CHAPTER VII.]

The Physical Examination of the Heart and Arteries172

Heart Boundaries, 172; Percussion, 174; Auscultation, 176; The Examination of the Arteries, 177; Estimation of Blood Pressure, 179; Palpation, 180; Precautions When Estimating Blood Pressure, 181; The Value of Blood Pressure, 181.

[CHAPTER VIII.]

Symptoms and Physical Signs183

General, 183; Hypertension, 185; The Heart, 188; Palpable Arteries, 189; Ocular Signs and Symptoms, 190; Nervous Symptoms, 191.

[CHAPTER IX.]

Symptoms and Physical Signs194

Special, 194; Cardiac, 195; Renal, 199; Abdominal or Visceral, 201; Cerebral, 203; Spinal, 205; Local or Peripheral, 207; Pulmonary Artery, 209.

[CHAPTER X.]

Diagnosis210

Early Diagnosis, 210; Differential Diagnosis, 215; Diseases in Which Arteriosclerosis is Commonly Found, 216.

[CHAPTER XI.]

Prognosis218

[CHAPTER XII.]

Prophylaxis224

[CHAPTER XIII.]

Treatment229

Hygienic Treatment, 230; Balneotherapy, 233; Personal Habits, 234; Dietetic Treatment, 235; Medicinal, 238; Symptomatic Treatment, 245.

[CHAPTER XIV.]

Arteriosclerosis in Its Relation to Life Insurance249

[CHAPTER XV.]

Practical Suggestions256

ILLUSTRATIONS

FIG.page
[1. Cross section of a large artery]28
[2. Cross section of a coronary artery]36
[3. Arteriosclerosis of the thoracic and abdominal aorta]39
[4. Arteriosclerosis of the arch of the aorta]40
[5. Normal Aorta]41
[6. Radiogram showing calcification of both radial and ulnar arteries]42
[7. Syphilitic aortitis of long standing]44
[8. Diagrammatic representation of strain hypertrophy]48
[9. Strain hypertrophy]49
[10. Cross section of small artery in the mesentery]56
[11. Enormous hypertrophy of left ventricle]58
[12. Aortic incompetence with hypertrophy and dilatation of left ventricle]61
[13. Cooks modification of Riva-Roccis blood pressure instrument]72
[14. Stanton's sphygmomanometer]73
[15. The Erlanger sphygmomanometer with the Hirschfelder attachments]74
[16. Desk model Baumanometer]75
[17. Faught blood pressure instrument]76
[18. Rogers' "Tycos" dial sphygmomanometer]77
[19. Detail of the dial in the "Tycos" instrument]78
[20. Faught dial instrument]79
[21. Detail of the dial of the Faught instrument]79
[22. The Sanborn instrument]80
[23. Method of taking blood pressure with a patient in sitting position]81
[24. Method of taking blood pressure with patient lying down]82
[25. Observation by the auscultatory method and a mercury instrument]84
[26. Observation by the auscultatory method and a dial instrument]85
[27. Schema to illustrate decrease in pressure]86
[28. Chart showing the normal limits of variation in systolic blood pressure]89
[29. Tracing of auscultatory phenomena]94
[30. Tracings of auscultatory phenomena]95
[31. Clinical determination of diastolic pressure fast drum]96
[32. Clinical determination of diastolic pressure slow drum]96
[33. Venous blood pressure instrument]121
[34. New venous pressure instrument]122
[35. Events in the cardiac cycle]124
[36. Simultaneous tracings of the jugular and carotid pulses]125
[37. Jugular and carotid tracings]125
[38. Right side of the heart showing distribution of the two vagus nerves]127
[39. Normal electrocardiogram]128
[40. Auricular flutter]132
[41. Auricular fibrillation]134
[42. Auricular fibrillation]134
[43. Pulse deficit]135
[44. Ventricular fibrillation]137
[45. Auricular extrasystoles]139
[46. Ventricular extrasystole]139
[47. Delayed conduction]141
[48. Partial heart block]141
[49. Complete heart block]142
[50. Alternating periods of sinus rhythm and auriculoventricular rhythm]144
[51. Auriculoventricular or "nodal" rhythm]144
[52. Influence of mechanical pressure on the right vagus nerve]144
[53. Schematic distribution of right and left vagus]145
[54. Blood pressure record from a normal reaction to ether]149
[55. Chart showing the method of recording blood pressure during an]
operation150
[56. Method of using blood pressure instrument during operation]151
[57. Finger-tip palpation of the radial artery]178
[58. Finger-tip palpation of the radial artery]178
[59. Aneurysm of the heart wall]196
[60. Large aneurysm of the aorta eroding the sternum]198