List of Maps

[I. Distribution of Peoples According to Relationship]
[II. Distribution of Languages]
[III. Southeastern Europe in 600 B.C.]
[IV. Southeastern Europe 975 A.D.]
[V. Southeastern Europe 1690]
[VI. The Empire of Charlemagne]
[VII. Europe in 1540]
[VIII. The Growth of Brandenburg-Prussia 1400-1806]
[IX. Italy in 525]
[X. Italy in 650]
[XI. Italy in 1175]
[XII. Europe in 1796]
[XIII. Europe in 1810]
[XIV. Europe in 1815]
[XV. Italy Made One Nation—1914—]
[XVI. Formation of the German Empire]
[XVII. Southeastern and Central Europe 1796]
[XVIII. Losses of Turkey During the Nineteenth Century]
[XIX. Turkey As the Balkan Allies Planned to Divide It]
[XX. Changes Resulting from Balkan Wars 1912-1913]
[XXI. The Two Routes from Germany into France]
[XXII. The Roumanian Campaign as the Allies Wished It]
[XXIII. The Roumanian Campaign as It Turned Out]
[XXIV. Europe as It Should Be]

List of Illustrations

[I. The Peace Palace at the Hague]
[II. Fleeing from Their Homes, Around which a Battle is Raging]
[III. A Drill Ground in Modern Europe]
[IV. The Forum of Rome as It Was 1600 Years Ago]
[V. The Last Combat of the Gladiators]
[VI. Germans Going into Battle]
[VII. A Hun Warrior]
[VIII. Gaius Julius Caesar]
[IX. A Frankish Chief]
[X. Movable Huts of Early Germans]
[XI. Goths on the March]
[XII. Franks Crossing the Rhine]
[XIII. Men of Normandy Landing in England]
[XIV. Alexander Defeating the Persians]
[XV. A Knight in Armor]
[XVI. A Norman Castle in England]
[XVII. A Vassal Doing Homage to His Lord]
[XVIII. William the Conqueror]
[XIX. A Typical Bulgarian Family]
[XX. Mohammed II Before Constantinople]
[XXI. A Scene in Salonika]
[XXII. Louis XIV]
[XXIII. John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough]
[XXIV. The Great Elector of Brandenburg]
[XXV. Frederick the Great]
[XXVI. Catharine II]
[XXVII. Courtier of Time of Louis XIV]
[XXVIII. The Taking of the Bastille]
[XXIX. The Palace of Versailles]
[XXX. The Reign of Terror]
[XXXI. The First Singing of “The Marseillaise”]
[XXXII. Charles the Fifth]
[XXXIII. The Emperor Napoleon in 1814]
[XXXIV. The Retreat from Moscow]
[XXXV. Napoleon at Waterloo]
[XXXVI. The Congress of Vienna]
[XXXVII. Prince Metternich]
[XXXVIII. The First Meeting of Garibaldi and Victor Emmanuel]
[XXXIX. Bismarck]
[XL. An Attack on a Convoy in the Franco-Prussian War]
[XLI. The Proclamation at Versailles of William I as Emperor of Germany]
[XLII. Peter the Great]
[XLIII. Entrance to the Mosque of St. Sophia]
[XLIV. The Congress of Berlin]
[XLV. An Arab Sheik and His Staff]
[XLVI. A Scene in Constantinople]
[XLVII. Durazzo]
[XLVIII. A Modern Dreadnaught]
[XLIX. Submarine]
[L. A Fort Ruined by the Big German Guns]
[LI. Russian Peasants Fleeing Before the German Army]
[LII. A Bomb-proof Trench in the Western War Front]
[LIII. Venizelos]
[LIV. The Deutschland in Chesapeake Bay]
[LV. Crowd in Petrograd During the Revolution]
[LVI. Revolutionary Soldiers in the Duma]
[LVII. Kerensky Reviewing Russian Troops]
[LVIII. Flight from a Torpedoed Liner]
[LIX. President Wilson Reading the War Message]
[LX. American Grain Set on Fire by German Agents]
[LXI. Polish Children]
[LXII. The Price of War]
[LXIII. Rendered Homeless by War]
[LXIV. Charles XII of Sweden]

The Story of the Map of Europe

Chapter I.
The Great War

The call from Europe.—Friend against friend.—Why?—Death and devastation.—No private quarrel.—Ordered by government.—What makes government?—The influence of the past.—Four causes of war.

Among the bricklayers at work on a building which was being erected in a great American city during the summer of 1914 were two men who had not yet become citizens of the United States. Born abroad, they still owed allegiance, one to the Emperor of Austria, the other to the Czar of Russia.

Meeting in a new country, and using a new language which gave them a chance to understand each other, they had become well acquainted. They were members of the same labor union, and had worked side by side on several different jobs. In the course of time, a firm friendship had sprung up between them. Suddenly, on the same day, each was notified to call at the office of the agent of his government in the city. Next morning the Russian came to his boss to explain that he must quit work, that he had been called home to fight for the “Little Father” of the Russians. He found his chum, the Austrian, there ahead of him, telling that he had to go, for the Russians had declared war on Austria and the good Kaiser,[[1]] Franz Josef, had need of all his young men.

[1] In the German language, the title Kaiser means Emperor.