Besides helping to indicate the lines on which Jewish action should travel in this matter, the State Papers here quoted may also serve to remind the Plenipotentiaries themselves that the Jewish Question is far from being a subsidiary issue in the Reconstruction of Europe, that they have a great tradition of effort and achievement in regard to it, and that this tradition, apart from the high merits of the task itself, imposes upon them the solemn obligation of solving the Question completely and finally now that the opportunity of doing so presents itself free from all restraints of a selfish and calculating diplomacy. It is not only that the edifice of Religious Liberty in Europe has to be completed, but also that some six millions of human beings have to be freed from political and civil disabilities and social and economic restrictions which for calculated cruelty have no parallels outside the Dark Ages. The Peace Conference will have accomplished relatively little if a shred of this blackest of all European scandals is allowed to survive its deliberations.
This collection does not pretend to be complete. The aim has been only to illustrate adequately the main lines of the theme with a view to practical questions which may arise in connection with the Peace Conference. American documents have been only sparely quoted, for the reason that the American Jewish Historical Society has already published a very full collection of such documents. (Cyrus Adler: "Jews in the Diplomatic Correspondence of the United States.") The many generous interventions of the Vatican on behalf of persecuted Jews have also been omitted partly for a similar reason (see Stern: "Urkundliche Beiträge über die Stellung der Päpste zu den Juden") and partly because they have very little direct bearing on the diplomatic activities of the Great Powers during the period under discussion.
My grateful acknowledgements are due to the Foreign Office for kindly permitting me to copy the documents relating to Palestine, which will be found appended to Chapter IV, and to Lieut. J. B. Morton, who was good enough to relieve me of much of the work of reading the proof-sheets. I have also to thank Mr. D. Mitrani for the generous help he gave me in preparing the Index.
L. W.
Gray's Inn, London.
December 1918.
CONTENTS.
| page | |||
| I. | INTRODUCTION | ||
| On International Religious Liberty Generally | [1] | ||
| II. | [INTERVENTIONS ON GROUNDS OF HUMANITY] | [6] | |
| (a) | Persecution of the Jews in Bohemia (1744-1745) | [7] | |
| Documents— | |||
| Petition to King George II, 1744 | [7] | ||
| Appeal of Bohemian Jews, 1744 | [9] | ||
| The Decree of the Empress, 1744 | [10] | ||
| Instructions to the British Ambassador in Vienna, 1744 | [11] | ||
| (b) | The Congress of Vienna (1815) | [12] | |
| Documents— | |||
| List from Klüber | [14] | ||
| Art. XVI of Annexe IX of Final Act of Congress, 1815 | [14] | ||
| (c) | The Congress of Aix-la-chapelle (1818) | [15] | |
| Document— | |||
| Protocol of Nov. 21, 1818 | [16] | ||
| (d) | The Conference of London (1830) | [17] | |
| Document— | |||
| Protocol of Feb. 3, 1830 | [17] | ||
| (e) | The Congress of Paris (1856-1858) | [18] | |
| Documents— | |||
| Art. IX of the Treaty of Paris, 1856 | [21] | ||
| Extracts from the Hatti-Humayoun of Feb. 18, 1856 | [21] | ||
| Conferences of Constantinople: Protocol of Feb. 11, 1856 | [23] | ||
| Art. XLVI of Convention of Paris of Aug. 10, 1858 | [23] | ||
| (f) | The Congress of Berlin (1878) | [23] | |
| Documents— | |||
| Extracts from Protocols of June 24, 25, 26, and 28, and July 1, 4, and 10, 1878 | [25] | ||
| Extracts from Treaty of Berlin: Arts. XLIV and LXII, 1878 | [33] | ||
| Mr. White to the Marquis of Salisbury, Oct. 25, 1879 | [34] | ||
| Identic Note to Rumanian Government, Feb. 20, 1880 | [35] | ||
| (g) | Rumania and the Powers (1902) | [36] | |
| Documents— | |||
| Dispatch from Mr. John Hay to U.S. Minister at Athens, | |||
| July 17, 1902 | [38] | ||
| American Circular Note to the Great Powers, Aug. 11, 1902 | [44] | ||
| Mr. Bertie to Mr. Choate, Sept. 2, 1902 | [44] | ||
| (h) | The Conferences of London, St. Petersburg, And Bucharest (1912-1913) | [45] | |
| Documents— | |||
| Conference of Bucharest: Protocol of July 23, 1913 | [47] | ||
| Jewish Conjoint Committee to Sir Edward Grey, Oct. 13, 1913 | [48] | ||
| Sir Eyre A. Crowe to Conjoint Committee, Oct. 29, 1913 | [51] | ||
| Conjoint Committee to Sir Edward Grey, Nov. 13, 1913 | [51] | ||
| The same to the same, March 12, 1914 | [52] | ||
| (i) | The Jewish Question and the Balance of Power (1890 and 1906) | [54] | |
| Document— | |||
| The proposed Anti-Semitic Triple Alliance: Secret Russian Memorandum, Jan. 3, 1906 | [57] | ||
| III. | [INTERVENTIONS BY RIGHT] | ||
| (a) | Status of Jews in Foreign Countries | [63] | |
| Document— | |||
| Art. XIV, Treaty of Carlowitz, 1699 | [71] | ||
| Interpretation by Austrian Government, Dec. 28, 1815 | [71] | ||
| Arts. I, III, and VI of Franco-Swiss Treaty, 1827 | [71] | ||
| Secret Note by French Negotiator, Aug. 7, 1826 | [72] | ||
| Speech of King Louis-Philippe, Nov. 5, 1835 | [73] | ||
| Extract from Franco-Swiss Treaty, June 30, 1864 | [73] | ||
| Art. I, Anglo-Swiss Treaty, Sept. 6, 1855 | [73] | ||
| Art. I, American-Swiss Treaty, Nov. 6, 1855 | [74] | ||
| Interpretation by United States, 1857 | [74] | ||
| Mr. Seward to U.S. Minister in Switzerland, Sept. 14, 1861 | [75] | ||
| Art. I, Russo-American Treaty, 1832 | [75] | ||
| Mr. Blaine to U.S. Minister in St. Petersburg, July 29, 1881 | [76] | ||
| Resolution of U.S. House of Representatives, Dec. 13, 1911 | [79] | ||
| Resolution of U.S. Senate, Dec. 20, 1911 | [79] | ||
| Arts. I and XI, Anglo-Russian Treaty, 1859 | [80] | ||
| Interpretation by Great Britain, 1862 and 1881 | [81] | ||
| The Marquis of Salisbury to Sir Julian Goldsmid, Jan. 29, 1891 | [82] | ||
| Sir Edward Grey to Jewish Conjoint Committee, Oct. 1, 1912 | [82] | ||
| Art. XIII, Anglo-Moorish Treaty, 1856 | [83] | ||
| (b) | Consular Protection | [83] | |
| Documents— | |||
| Earl Russell to the Jewish Board of Deputies, Feb. 1, 1864 | [86] | ||
| Art. III, Anglo-Moorish Treaty, 1727-28 | [87] | ||
| Art. III, Anglo-Moorish Treaty, 1856 | [87] | ||
| Art. IV, Anglo-Moorish Treaty, 1856 | [87] | ||
| Franco-Moorish Règlement, Aug. 19, 1863 | [88] | ||
| (c) | The Conferences of Madrid (1880) and Algeciras (1906) | [88] | |
| Documents— | |||
| Madrid: Protocols of May 20 and June 24, 1880 | [90] | ||
| Art. VI, Treaty of Madrid, 1880 | [91] | ||
| Edict of the Sultan of Morocco, 1864 | [92] | ||
| Madrid: Protocol of June 26, 1880 | [92] | ||
| Algeciras: Protocol of April 2, 1906 | [98] | ||
| IV. | [THE PALESTINE QUESTION AND THE NATIONAL RESTORATION OF THE JEWS] | [100] | |
| Documents— | |||
| Russian Memorandum, Oct. 1840 | [107] | ||
| Austrian Memorandum, Oct. 1840 | [111] | ||
| Lord Clanricarde to Lord Palmerston, Feb. 23. 1841 | [113] | ||
| Mémoire of the King of Prussia, Feb. 24, 1841 | [114] | ||
| Baron Bülow to Lord Palmerston, March 6, 1841 | [116] | ||
| Lord Beauvale to Lord Palmerston, March 2, 1841 | [116] | ||
| Lord Palmerston to Lord Beauvale, March 11, 1841 | [117] | ||
| Further Austrian Memorandum, March 31, 1841 | [117] | ||
| Col. Churchill to Sir Moses Montefiore, June 14, 1841 | [119] | ||
| The same to the same, Aug. 15, 1842 | [121] | ||
| Resolution of the Jewish Board of Deputies, Nov. 8, 1843 | [123] | ||
| Col. Churchill to the Board of Deputies, Jan. 8, 1843 | [123] | ||
| Art. V of Agreement between Great Britain, France and Russia, Feb. 21, 1917 | [124] | ||
| Mr. Balfour to Lord Rothschild, Nov. 2, 1917 | [124] | ||
| [APPENDIX.] | |||
| International Anti-Semitism in 1498 | [126] | ||
| Document— | |||
| Sub-Prior of Santa Cruz to Ferdinand and Isabella, July 18, 1498 | [126] | ||
| [INDEX] | [127] | ||
| [FOOTNOTES] | |||