The statement may be more fully illustrated from the Eleventh Census, which shows that the number of foreign born in domestic service is 30.86 per cent of the entire number.[187] The geographical distribution of the different classes of domestic employees is seen from Table II on the following page.
Another illustration of the same point is found by an examination of the relative number of native born and foreign born domestic employees in the individual states and territories. In nine states and territories the number of foreign born domestic employees exceeds the number of native born white employees,[188] in sixteen about one half of the white domestic employees are of foreign birth,[189] in twenty-four states and territories the number of native born white employees largely exceeds the foreign born,[190] while in fifteen states colored employees are in excess.[191] It will be seen that the states in which the number of native born white domestic employees exceeds the number of the foreign born are those states having relatively a small number of foreign born residents.[192] A still more specific illustration is found in the experience of one state. In Massachusetts in 1885, the foreign born domestic servants formed 60.24 per cent of the entire number.[193]
TABLE II
Domestic Employees in the United States, 1890
| Geographical Section | Number | Per Cent | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Native white | Foreign white | Colored | Native white | Foreign white | Colored | |
| Pacific Coast[194] | 78,700 | 29,576 | 28,198 | 20,926 | 37.58 | 35.83 | 26.59 |
| Eastern[195] | 134,016 | 52,419 | 74,004 | 7,593 | 39.11 | 55.22 | 5.67 |
| Middle[196] | 394,062 | 176,194 | 175,819 | 42,049 | 44.71 | 44.62 | 10.67 |
| Western[197] | 388,920 | 233,274 | 128,761 | 26,885 | 59.98 | 33.11 | 6.91 |
| Border[198] | 251,544 | 79,611 | 16,649 | 155,284 | 31.65 | 6.62 | 61.73 |
| Southern[199] | 207,549 | 34,812 | 6,432 | 166,305 | 16.77 | 3.10 | 80.13 |
| United States | 1,454,791 | 605,886 | 429,863 | 419,042 | 41.65 | 29.55 | 28.80 |
These different illustrations seem to show the truth of the proposition stated.
(2) The converse of the preceding proposition is also true—the concentration of women of foreign birth engaged in remunerative occupations is on domestic service.
The Eleventh Census shows that, in 1890, 59.37 per cent of all foreign white women at work were engaged in domestic and personal service. This leaves only 40.63 per cent to be distributed among all other gainful occupations.[200] A specific illustration in the case of an individual state is seen in Massachusetts. Here the percentage of the foreign born in the entire population is 27.13, while, as stated above, the number of foreign born women in domestic service is 60.24 per cent.[201]
(3) The foreign born population as a class seek the large cities.
In 1890 the persons of foreign birth in the United States formed 14.77 per cent of the entire population. But of the total foreign population, 44.13 per cent was found in the one hundred and twenty-four cities having a population of twenty-five thousand or more.[202]