[Perfuga]; Transfuga; Profugus; Fugitivus; Extorris; Exul; Perfugium; Suffugium; Refugium. 1. Perfuga and transfuga denote the deserter who flees from one party to another, like αὐτομόλος; but the perfuga goes over as a delinquent, who betrays his party; the transfuga, as a waverer, who changes and forsakes his party; whereas profugus and fugitivus denote the fugitive, who forsakes his abode, but profugus is the unfortunate man, who is obliged to forsake his home, and, like a banished man, wanders in the wide world, like φυγάς; fugitivus, the guilty person, who flees from his duty, his post, his prison, his master, like δραπέτης. The perfuga and transfuga are generally thought of as soldiers; the profugus, as a citizen; the fugitivus, as a slave. Liv. xxx. 43. De perfugis gravius quam de fugitivis consultum. 2. Perfugium is an open secure place of shelter in serious dangers; suffugium, if not a secret, is at least an occasional and temporary place of shelter from inconveniences; refugium is a place of shelter prepared, or at least thought of beforehand in case of a retreat. 3. Profugus denotes a merely physical state, something like fugitive; extorris, a political state, like homeless, or without a country; exul, a juridical state, like banished. The extorris suffers a misfortune, as not being able to remain in his native land; the exul, a punishment, as not being allowed. Appul. Met. v. p. 101. Extorres et . . . velut exulantes. (iv. 239.)
Periclitari, Periculum, see [Tentare].
Perimere, see [Interficere].
Perire, see [Mors].
[Perlucidus]; Pellucidus; Perlegere; Pellegere; Perlicere; Pellicere; Perjurare; Pejerare. 1. Perlucidus means very bright, whereas pellucidus, transparent. Cic. Civ. i. 57. 2. Perlegere means to read through, that is, from beginning to end; whereas pellegere, to read over, that is, not to leave unread. Plaut. Pseud. i. 1. 3. Perlicere means completely to inveigle, Liv. iv. 15. Tac. Ann. xiii. 48; whereas pellicere, to lead astray. 4. Perjurare means to swear falsely; pejerare, to violate an oath. (ii. 82.)
Permittere, see [Concedere] and [Fidere].
Pernegare, see [Negare].
Pernicies, see [Lues].
Pernix, see [Citus].
[Perperam]; Falso; False; Fallaciter. 1. Perperam (redupl. of παρά) denotes that which is not true, objectively, with reference to the object, as incorrect; whereas falso, subjectively, in reference to the person, as mistaken. 2. Falso agere has its foundation in error and self-deceit; whereas false and fallaciter happens against better knowledge and conscience; false, through fear and weakness of character; fallaciter, like deceitfully, with the wicked intention of deceiving and betraying. Comp. Tac. Ann. i. 1. Tiberii res . . . ob metum false compositæ sunt, according to Wolf’s reading; comp. with Germ. 36. Inter impotentes et validos falso quiescas. 3. The adjective falsus combines the notions of falso and of the participle falsus, and is distinguished only from fallax. Cic. Phil. xii. 2. Spes falsa et fallax. Tac. Ann. xvi. 33. Specie bonarum falsos et amicitiæ fallaces. (i. 66.)