Sacramentum, see [Jusjurandum].
[Sacrare]; Consecrare; Dicare; Dedicare. Sacrare, consecrare, mean to hallow, with reference to men, with regard to whom the profane use of a thing is withdrawn and forbidden; dicare, dedicare (from δέχεσθαι) mean to dedicate with reference to the gods, to whom the thing is set apart as their property. Hence consecrare may be used in an absolute sense, but dedicare has always a reference to the new proprietors.
[Sæpe]; Crebro; Frequenter; Frequentare; Celebrare. 1. Sæpe denotes often, in opp. to semel, Suet. Ner. 33; nonnunquam, Cic. Or. 66; semper, like πολλάκις; whereas crebro and frequenter, in opp. to raro, Rhet. ad Her. iv. 23. Cic. Or. 66; crebro, often, and in quick succession, and rather too often than too seldom, like θαμά; but frequenter (partic. from farcire) often, and not too seldom; for in general creber denotes a multifarious assembly, inasmuch as it is dense and crowded; whereas frequens, inasmuch as it is numerously attended. Consequently, frequens rather implies praise, like largus; creber, blame, like spissus. And frequentes senatores denote the senate, when represented as complete; crebri senatores, as wanting room on account of their number, and forced to sit close. 2. Frequentare means to visit a place often, and not neglect it: whereas celebrare, to visit it often, and thereby to enliven it, and to fill it with festive sounds. (i. 17.)
[Sævitia]; Crudelitas. Sævitia (from αἶ, αἰνός) denotes the blood-thirsty cruelty of the tyrant, who acts like a ravenous beast, that kills and tears its prey, in opp. to mansuetudo; whereas crudelitas (from κρύος, crudus) denotes the reckless cruelty of the judge, who enforces the utmost rigor of the law, in opp. to clementia. Sen. Clem. 2. Cic. Lig. 3. Att. viii. 9. Plin. Pan. 3.
Sævus, see [Atrox].
Salsus, see [Lepidus].
Saltus, see [Silva].
Saluber, see [Salus].
[Salus]; Sanitas; Valens; Saluber; Sanus; Salutaris. 1. Salus denotes existence in general, in opp. to interitus; whereas sanitas, the health of the person existing, in opp. to ægritudo; first of the body, then, in a higher degree, of the soul. 2. Sanus and valens denote health as a temporary state, and are allied in sense with integer; whereas saluber and validus denote habitual qualities, and are allied in sense with robustus. Hence salubris oratio means a speech sound in matter, possessing original strength; sana, a temperate and discreet speech. Cic. Brut. 13. 51. Tac. Dial. 25. Plin. Ep. ix. 26. 3. Sanus and saluber represent health, merely as finding one’s self well; valens and validus, as possessing strength to act. 4. Saluber in a transitive sense means, what brings sanitas, in opp. to pestilens, like ὑγιεινός; whereas salutaris, what brings salus, in opp. to pestiferus, like σωτήριος. Cato, apud Plin. H. N. xviii. 6. Nihil salutare est nisi quod toto anno salubre. (i. 31.)
Salus, see [Vita].