Aquosus, see [Udus].
Arbitrari, see [Censere].
[Arcana]; Secreta; Mysteria. Arcana denotes secrets, in a good sense, such as are so of themselves, and from their own nature, and should be spoken of with awe; thus arcana, as a popular term, denotes secrets of all sorts; on the other hand, mysteria, as a learned term, denotes religious secrets, like the Eleusinian mysteries; lastly, secreta denotes secrets, in the most ordinary sense, such as are made so by men, and which seek concealment from some particular fear. Tac. Ann. i. 6. Sallustius Crispus particeps secretorum . . . monuit Liviam, ne arcana domus vulgarentur. (iv. 429.)
[Arcere]; Prohibere. Arcere (ἀρκεῖν, from ἐρύκειν) means to keep off and bar the entry, in opp. to admittere, Plin. H. N. xii. 1; on the other hand, prohibere means to keep at a distance, and prevent the approach, in opp. to adhibere. The arcens makes defensive opposition, like the resistens, and protects the threatened; but the prohibens acts on the offensive, like the propulsans, and retaliates hostility on the assailant. (iv. 430.)
[Arcessere]; Accire; Evocare; Accersere. 1. Arcessere and accersere denote, in the most general sense, merely, to send for; accire supposes a co-ordinate relation in those that are sent for, as, to invite; evocare, a subordinate relation, as, to summon. The arcessens asks, the acciens entreats, the evocans commands, a person to make his appearance. Cic. Att. v. 1. Tu invita mulieres, ego accivero pueros: compare with Dejot. 5. Venit vel rogatus ut amicus, vel arcessitus ut socius, vel evocatus ut qui senatui parere didicisset. Or, Liv. x. 19. Collegæ auxilium, quod acciendum ultro fuerit, with xliv. 31. Evocati literis imperatoris. And xxix. 11. Æbutia accita ad Sulpiciam venit; and 12. Ut Hispalam libertinam arcesseret ad sese. 2. Arcessere (from cedere) means, originally, to order to approach; on the other hand, accersere (from σκαίρω), to come quickly, or, to make haste; but both words have been confounded with each other, from similarity of sound. (iii. 283.)
Arctus, see [Angustus].
[Ardere]; Flagrare. Ardere (from ἐρεύθειν) means to be in a visible glowing heat, like αἴθειν; on the other hand, flagrare, to be in bright flames, like φλέγεσθαι. Hence, metaphorically, ardere is applied to a secret passion; flagrare, to a passion that bursts forth. Cic. Or. iii. 2, 8. Non vidit Crassus flagrantem bello Italiam, non ardentem invidia senatum. (iv. 21.)
[Arduus]; Difficilis. Arduus (from ὀρθός) means difficult to ascend, in opp. to pronus; on the other hand, difficilis means difficult to execute, in opp. to facilis. Arduus involves a stronger notion of difficulty, and denotes the difficult when it borders on the impossible. Plin. Ep. iv. 17. Est enim res difficilis ardua. Tac. Hist. ii. 76. Æstimare debent, an quod inchoatur, reipublicæ utile, ipsis gloriosum, aut promptum effectu, aut certe non arduum sit. Cic. Verr. i. 51. Cum sibi omnes ad illum allegationes difficiles, omnes aditos arduos, ac pæne interclusos, viderent. (ii. 105.)
Arduus, see [Altus].
Arena, see [Sabulo].