[Inanis]; Vacuus. Inanis (from ἰνάω) means the emptiness of that which has been full, but is now without its contents, in opp. to plenus, Cic. Orat. i. 9, 37. Parad. 6, 1. Brut. 8, 34; whereas vacuus denotes the emptiness of that which may be filled, but is at present vacant, in opp. to occupatus, Tac. Hist. iv. 17; or to obsessus, Cic. N. T. i. 24. Tac. Ann. vi. 34. Jason post avectam Medeam genitosque ex ea liberos inanem mox regiam Æetæ vacuosque Colchos repetivit; that is, the palace deserted and desolate, and the people without a governor. Figuratively, inane means a nullity; vacuum, a vacancy. (i. 100.)
Incassum, see [Frustra].
Incastus, see [Inficetus].
Incedere, see [Ire].
Incendere, see [Accendere].
Incestus, see [Inficetus].
Inchoare, see [Incipere].
Inciens, see [Prægnans].
[Incipere]; Ordiri; Inchoare; Cœpisse. 1. Incipere denotes the beginning, in opp. to the state of rest, which precedes and follows, consequently it is in opp. to cessare and desinere, desistere, finire; whereas ordiri (from ἔρδειν, radix,) in opp. to an advancement; consequently in opp. to continuare, and its intransitive pergere; lastly, inchoare (from conari) in opp. to ending and accomplishing, consequently in opp. to perficere, consummare, peragere, absolvere, etc. Cic. Off. i. 37. Ut incipiendi ratio fuerit, ita sit desinendi modus. Tusc. i. 49. Sen. Ep. 116. Plin. H. N. xi. 51. Plin. Pan. 54, 6. 57, 2. Ep. ix. 4. Quintil. xi. 3, 34. Tac. Agr. 32. Varro R. R. iii. 16. Apes cum evolaturæ sunt, aut etiam inciperunt, consonant vehementer. Cic. Fin. iv. 6. Hoc inchoati cujusdam officii est, non perfecti. Brut. 33. Liv. xl. 9. Plin. Ep. iii. 8, 7. Plin. H. N. x. 63. Tac. Dial. 33. Suet. Claud. 3. Cic. Fr. ap. Non. Perge, quæso, nec enim imperite exorsus es. 2. Cœpi has nearly the same words in opp. to it as incipere has; Sen. Cons. Polyb. 20. Quicquid cœpit, et desinit. Cic. Rab. Post. 2. Ovid, Ep. ix. 23; cœpi refers more to the action which is begun; incepi, more to the beginning which has been made. Cœpi is a sort of auxiliary verb; incepi is emphatic; hence cœpi has an infinitive, incipere a substantive, for its object. Cic. Verr. v. 10. Quum ver esse cœperat (sed cum rosam viderat, tum ver incipere arbitrabatur), dabat se labori. (iii. 157.)
[Incitare]; Instigare; Irritare; Instinctus. 1. Incitare (from ciere) denotes to urge an inactive person by merely bidding, speaking to, and calling upon him, to an action, generally of a laudable kind, synonymously with hortari; instigare (from στίξαι) to spur on a reluctant person by more vehement exhortations, promises, threatenings, to an adventurous act, synonymously with stimulare; irritare (ἀνερεθίζω) to incite a quiet person by rousing his passions, ambition, revenge, to a violent action, synonymously with exarcerbare. Ter. And. iv. 2, 9. Age, si hic non insanit satis sua sponte, instiga. Lucr. iv. 1075. Et stimuli subsunt qui instigant lædere id upsum. 2. Instigatus means spurred on by an exterior and profane power, by words, commands, etc.; instinctus means impelled by an interior and higher power, by inspiration, love, the voice of the gods. (iii. 314.)