By referring again to [Fig. 4] it will be seen that the cavity of the body has three openings, one on either side at the top going to the Fallopian tubes, and an opening at the bottom passing into the cavity of the neck. A constriction exists between these two cavities; but after childbirth this is largely done away with, and there is not that marked difference which existed formerly.
Glands in Uterus.—In the mucous membrane lining the uterus are vast numbers of minute glands which secrete mucus. It has been asserted that in the cavity of the neck alone there are from ten to twelve thousand of these glands. It is in this mucous membrane that such remarkable changes occur each month during menstruation, and still more wonderful changes during pregnancy.
The Ligaments of the Uterus.—By referring to [Fig. 5] it will be seen that there are on each side of the uterus flat bands of tissue known as "broad ligaments." These ligaments are attached to the sides of the pelvic cavity, and aid greatly in holding the uterus firmly in place. There are also other ligaments concerned in this same work, although the broad ligaments are most important. The illustration also shows the walls of the vagina cut open, in order that the position of the mouth of the uterus may be easily seen.
| Fig. 4. This illustration shows the cavities in a uterus which has been pregnant. 1, the vagina; 2, cavity of the neck of the uterus; 3, cavity of the body, above which is the fundus of the uterus; 4, Fallopian tubes, extending to the ovaries. | Fig. 5. The female generative organs. 1, the vagina; 2, uterus; 3, broad ligament of left side; 4, a smaller ligament; 5, Fallopian tube; 6, ovary; 7, fringed end of Fallopian tube. |
Blood-Vessels Surrounding Uterus.—The uterus is well supplied with blood-vessels, as [Fig. 6] shows. Indeed, there is all over the walls of the uterus and through its tissue a vast network of these vessels. Whenever, for any reason, the circulation of the blood through the pelvis is disturbed, these blood-vessels are likely to become engorged, over-filled, producing congestion and inflammation.
Fig. 6. The blood-vessels of the right side
of the uterus. 1, blood vessels; 2, end
of the Fallopian tube; 3, ovary; 4, right
edge of uterus.