| High in Quality | Local or Peddler's Varieties |
| McIntosh | Rhode Island Greening |
| Esopus Spitzenburg | Wealthy |
| Northern Spy | McIntosh |
| Newtown | Fameuse |
| Gravenstein | Tolman Sweet |
| Red Canada | Grimes Golden |
| Fameuse | Jonathan |
| Grimes Golden | |
| Hubbardson | Good General Market Varieties |
| Rhode Island Greening | Baldwin |
| Rhode Island | |
| Medium to Poor Quality | King |
| Ben Davis | Twenty Ounce |
| Oldenburg | McIntosh |
| Rome Beauty | Hubbardson |
| Roxbury Russet | Northern Spy |
| Good Export Varieties | |
| Baldwin | Newtown |
| Ben Davis | Esopus Spitzenburg |
| Northern Spy | Jonathan |
Only the best and most common varieties for the more northern latitudes have been included in this list as it would make it too cumbersome to classify all our known varieties. It must be remembered that this is not an arbitrary classification and that it is made as a guide to indicate to the reader the general characteristics of the variety. It should be used as such and not taken literally. The characters of the different varieties grade into each other. For example, the McIntosh is very high and the Ben Davis is very low in quality but the King and the Twenty Ounce are neither very good nor very poor, but midway between.
We must again remind the reader that the choice of varieties is a matter of judgment, tempered by the facts regarding them. One who is not capable of rendering such judgment after studying his conditions and the characteristics and requirements of leading varieties had better stay out of the apple business entirely, as he will often be called on for the exercise of good judgment in caring for the orchard. The facts here given are intended as suggestive. The reader who desires to know more of a particular variety will do well to consult Beach's "Apples of New York," published by the Geneva Experiment Station.
CHAPTER III[ToC]
PLANTING AND GROWING THE ORCHARD
The proper soil, site, and location having been selected, the solution of the problems of orchard management is only just begun, although a good start has certainly been made. Farm management brings constantly to one's attention new problems and new phases of old problems, whatever the type of farming. The skill with which these problems are met and a solution found for them determines the success or failure of the farm manager. To some men the details of the orchard business offer the greatest obstacles, while to others it is the general relationship of one detail to another which is difficult. Both are essentials of good management. If we are able in this chapter to remove some of these minor difficulties and at the same time indicate the correct relationships we will have accomplished our purpose.
As we come now to the actual plans for planting our orchard many questions come up for answer. When shall I plant? Where and of whom shall I purchase my trees? How old should they be? Is it wise to use fillers or temporary trees, and if so, what kind? How far apart should the trees be planted and how many are required for an acre? What arrangement of the trees is most advisable? How should the ground be prepared? What is the best method of setting? When the trees are planted should they be inter-cropped, and if so, with what? How should the young trees be handled and cared for? He who would be a successful orchardist must endeavor to answer these questions.