[U]

Berkeley, “On the Fructification of Lycoperdon, &c.,” in “Annals of Natural History” (1840), iv. p. 155.

[V]

Wigand, “Morphologie des Genres Trichia et Arcyria,” in “Ann. des Sci. Nat.” 4me sér. xvi. p. 223.

[W]

Currey, “On Spiral Threads of Trichia,” in “Quart. Journ. Micr. Science” (1855), iii. p. 17.

[X]

In some of the genera, as, for instance, in Badhamia, Enerthenema, and Reticularia, the spores are produced within delicate cells or cysts, which are afterwards absorbed.

[Y]

Tulasne, “Essai d’une Monographie des Nidulariées,” in “Ann. des Sci. Nat.” (1844), i. 41 and 64.