Fungi: Their Nature and Uses

by M. C. Cooke

[U]

Berkeley, M. J., “Introduction to Cryptogamic Botany,” London, 1857; Cooke, M. C., “Handbook of British Fungi,” London, 1871 ; Corda, A. C. J., “Anleitung zum Studium der Mycologie,” Prag, 1842; Kickx, J., “Flore Cryptogamique des Flanders,” Gand, 1867; Fries, E., “Systema Mycologicum,” Lund, 1830; Fries, E., “Summa Vegetabilium Scandinaviæ,” 1846; Secretan, L., “Mycographie Suisse,” Geneva, 1833; Berkeley, M. J., “Outlines of British Fungology,” London, 1860.

TABULAR ARRANGEMENT OF FAMILIES AND ORDERS.

Division I.

SPORIFERA.

Spores naked.

I. Hymenium free, mostly naked, or soon exposed					Hymenomycetes.
	Hymenium normally inferior—
		Fruit-bearing surface lamellose			Agaricini.
		Fruit-bearing surface porous or tubular			Polyporei.
		Fruit-bearing surface clothed with prickles			Hydnei.
		Fruit-bearing surface even or rugose			Auricularini.
	Hymenium superior or encircling—
		Clavate, or branched, rarely lobed			Clavariei.
		Lobed, convolute, or disc-like, gelatinous			Tremellini.
II. Hymenium enclosed in a peridium, ruptured when mature					Gasteromycetes.
	Hymenomycetous—
		Subterranean, naked or enclosed			Hypogæi.
		Terrestrial, hymenium deliquescent			Phalloidei.
		Peridium enclosing sporangia, containing spores			Nidulariacei.
	Coniospermous—
		Stipitate, hymenium convolute, drying into a dusty mass, enclosed in a volva			Podaxinei.
		Cellular at first, hymenium drying up into a dusty mass of threads and spores			Trichogastres.
		Gelatinous at first, peridium containing at length a dusty mass of threads and spores			Myxogastres.
III. Spores naked, mostly terminal, on inconspicuous threads, free or enclosed in a perithecium					Coniomycetes.
	Growing on dead or dying plants—
		Subcutaneous—
			Perithecium more or less distinct		Sphæronemei.
			Perithecium obsolete or wanting		Melanconiei.
		Superficial—
			Fructifying surface naked.
				Spores compound or tomiparous	Torulacei.
	Parasitic on living plants—
		Peridium distinctly cellular			Æcidiacei.
		Peridium none—
			Spores sub-globose, simple or deciduous		Cæomacei.
			Spores mostly oblong, usually septate		Pucciniæi.
IV. Spores naked, on conspicuous threads, rarely compacted, small					Hyphomycetes.
	Fertile threads compacted, sometimes cellular—
		Stem or stroma compound—
			Spores dry, volatile		Isariacei.
			Mass of spores moist, diffluent		Stilbacei.
	Fertile threads, free or anastomosing—
		Fertile threads dark, carbonized—
			Spores mostly compound		Dematiei.
		Fertile threads not carbonized—
			Very distinct—
				Spores mostly simple	Mucedines.
			Scarcely distinct from mycelium—
				Spores profuse	Sepedoniei.

Division II.

SPORIDIIFERA.

Sporidia in Asci.

V. Fertile cells seated on threads, not compacted into a hymenium					Physomycetes.
	Threads felted, moniliform—
		Sporangia irregular			Antennariei.
	Threads free—
		Sporangia terminal or lateral			Mucorini.
	Aquatic				Saprolegniei.
VI. Asci formed from the fertile cells of a hymenium					Ascomycetes.
	Asci often evanescent—
		Receptacle clavæform—
			Asci springing from threads		Onygenei.
		Perithecia free—
			Asci springing from the base		Perisporiacei.
	Asci persistent—
		Perithecia opening by a distinct ostiolum			Sphæriacei.
		Hard or coriaceous, hymenium at length exposed			Phacidiacei.
		Hypogæous; hymenium complicated			Tuberacei.
		Fleshy, waxy, or tremelloid; hymenium mostly exposed			Elvellacei.

IV.