| [Chapter I].—Somewhat Fabulous. | PAGE |
| The Seven Sleepers of Ephesus; Legend of the Seven Sisters ofSleep; Laureates of Sleep; Necessity of Sleep; Pleasures ofSleep; Sanctity of Sleep; The “Last Sleep of Argyle;” Deathof Sleeping Duncan; Desdemona and Othello; Drowsiness,fatal alike to Devotion and Instruction | 1 |
| [Chapter II].—The Sisters of Old. | |
| Hemp amongst the Scythians; Intoxicating vapours of the Massagetæ;the Nepenthes of Homer; the Secret of Egyptian Thebes;The Poppy of the Ancients; Secret Poisoning of Aratus ofSicyon; The Acts of Locusta; Death of Britannicus; TheDelphic Oracle; Arabian Nights; Another Nepenthes;Antony’s Retreat; Retreat of the Ten Thousand; Somethingunknown | 10 |
| [Chapter III].—The “Wond’rous Weed.” | |
| Legendary origin of Tobacco; Use in Hispaniola; Names forTobacco; First Discovery by Europeans; Introduction intoFrance, Tuscany, Spain and Portugal, England; Complaintsagainst it; Smoking taught to the Dutch; Studenten Kneipe;Tobacco in the East; Progress in England; Opposition byJames I. and other monarchs in Russia, Italy, Persia, Turkey,Tuscany, &c.; Raleigh and Queen Elizabeth; Lovers ofTobacco; The Distribution of the Tobacco Plant; Consumptionof Tobacco; Curious use of the Flowers; Tobacco Poison;Antidote to Arsenic; Finance questions; Religious prohibitions;King James’s “Counterblaste.” | 19 |
| [Chapter IV].—The Cabinet of Cloudland. | |
| A Premier; Lord Mayor Staines; Smoking the Plague; A FirstCigar; Infant Smokers at Vizagapatam; Burmah; FemaleSmokers in China; Smokers in Persia, Siam, Japan, Nicaragua,on the Amazon, in New Guinea, Havana, Manilla; TheBinua of Johore; Signor Calistro’s Story; Cigars on theOrinoco; In Chili; The Court of Montezuma; Panama Smokeblowers;Rocky Mountain Indians; Salvation Yeo; YemenSmokers; Smoking in Austria; Turkish Cloudland; Defeat ofNapoleon; Curious Legend; Old Epigram; Cost of Puffing;Yankee Calculations; Smoking in New York; Cigar-makingin the States | 38 |
| [Chapter V].—Pipeology. | |
| Philosophy in a pipe; St. Omer pipes; English pipes; CuriousIndian pipe; Turkish bowls; Meerschaum; Massa bowls;Amber mouth-pieces; Origin of amber; Modern Egyptianpipes; The Shibuk; The Nargeeleh; The Gozeh; Egoodu ofthe Zulus; Hubble-bubble of the Delagoans; Kaffir bowls;Sailors’ pipes; Bamboo pipes; Winna of British Guiana;Shell pipes; Chinese pipes; Metallic pipes; Ode to a Tobacco-pipe;Red pipe-stone quarry; Stone pipes of Rocky Mountains;The “Calumet;” The Sultan’s pipe-bearer; Wooden pipes;Modern pipeology; Pipes in Australia | 58 |
| [Chapter VI].—Sniffing and Sneeshin. | |
| The Franciscan of Sterne; Etymology of Snuff; Pouncet-boxes;The “Niopo” of the Ottomacs; The “Curupa” of the Omaguas;Snuffing in Iceland; Zulu Calabashes; Early Snuff-takingApparatus; Origin of the “Mull;” Magnificent Mull; MongrabinCases; Strong Snuff of the Sahara; Plugging andQuidding; Snuff-taking Estimates; Snuff dipping; Death inthe Box; Adulterated Snuff; Snuff Scents; Substitutes forSnuff; Lead Poison; Advice Gratis; Gold Snuff-boxes; AmberSnuff-boxes; Boxes of Hard-shelled Seeds; Chinese Flasks;Chinese Snuffing; A Snuff-stick; Birch-bark Boxes; ScotchSnuff-boxes; Introduction of Snuffing; Varieties of Snuff;Hardham’s 37; Gossip on Sneezing; Pseudo-philosophy of aSneeze | 73 |
| [Chapter VII].—Quid Pro Quo. | |
| Eccentricities of Taste; Miles of Pig-tail; Tobacco and Tea Calculations;Chewing Ladies of Paraguay; Tchuktchi Chewers;Tobacco and Natron Quids; Taking the “Bucca;” ChewingSnuff; Quidding in Washington; Dignified Proceedings in theSenate House; The Kou of the Hottentots; Angelica Root;Chewing Dulse; A Quidding Monkey | 94 |
| [Chapter VIII].—A Race of Pretenders. | |
| Adulterated Tobacco; Substitutes; Coltsfoot; Milfoil; Rhubarb;Bogbean; Sage; Mountain Tobacco; Cossena; Sumach;Bearberry; Maize Husks; Pimento; Cascarilla Bark; Polygonum;Dagga; Wild Dagga; Culen; Purphiok; Rope-smokingChaplain; Farewell to Tobacco | 104 |
| [Chapter IX].——“Mash Allah”—The Gift. | |
| What is Opium? Indian Cultivation; The Nushtur; Cutting theCapsules; Collecting the Juice; Use of the Refuse; Post;Boosa; Poppy Trash; Pussewah and Lewah; Different Formsof Preparation; Chandu; Its Preparation in Singapore; SingularWorkman; Adulterations; Tye and Samshing; EgyptianConserves; Cordials; Modes of taking Opium; Immense Doses;Opium in the “Fen Country;” The Crow and the Pigeon;Estimate of Opium Consumption | 114 |
| [Chapter X].—The Gates of Paradise. | |
| Paradise of the Moslems; Siamese Opium-pipes; Chinese Opium-pipe;Smoking the Drug; Its Effects; An Old Malay; OpiumExperiences; Dr. Madden’s Trial; The Habit in China; Dr.Medhurst’s Report; Victims at Shanghae; Percentage ofSmokers; Amongst the Shikhs; Influence on those engaged inits preparation; Chinese petition; Results in China; Opium-eatingpoultry | 132 |
| [Chapter XI].—Revels and Reveries. | |
| Mahomet’s Ascent into Heaven; Mental Effects of Opium; AnOpium-eater’s Reverie; At the Opera; Peeping into the Storesat Hong-Kong; Opium-shops; Papan Mera; Stores in Singapore;Opium in China; Remarks of M. Abbé Huc | 149 |
| [Chapter XII].—Pandemonium. | |
| Running amok in Java—in Singapore—in Batavia; Pains ofopium; Piranesi’s dream; Confessions of crocodile visions;Horrible dreams; Fever phantasmagoria of “Alton Locke;”A fable; Chinese opium-smoker; Mustapha Shatoor; TheTheriakis; Heu Naetse’s opinion; Experiences of a surgeon atPenang; Testimonies of Abbé Huc; Ho King Shan; Oppenheim;Dr. Madden; Dr. Oxley; Dr. Little; Opium and Insurance;Another side of the question | 163 |
| [Chapter XIII].—Opium Morals. | |
| Examination of Criminals at Singapore; Income and expenditure;Opium-Smoking and crime; Examination of transports; Drunkennesscompared with opium-smoking; De Quincey’s comparison;Abuse of opium the source of poverty; The diseasedpoor of Singapore; Their consumption of opium; Coolysmokers; Difficulty of discarding the habit of opium-smoking;Opinion of Dr. Eatwell | 181 |
| [Chapter XIV].—False Prophets. | |
| Preparations of opium; History of lettuce; Lactucarium; Narcoticeffects of Lettuce; Lacticiferous plants; Dutchman’s laudanum;Syrian rue; Sterculia seeds; Beah leaves; Adulterations;Imitation opium-balls | 199 |
| [Chapter XV].—Nepenthes. | |
| Influence of climate on plants; Native home of hemp; Propertiesof hemp-seed; Distribution of hemp; Scythian hemp; Antiquityof hemp; Churrus, or hemp resin; Momeca; Gunjah;Bang, or Guaza; Majoon; Haschisch; Dawamese; Hashasheensand Assassins; Berch; Dacha; Hemp in India—inEgypt; Use of Stimulants | 212 |
| [Chapter XVI].—Gunja at Home. | |
| “At home;” Influence of hemp extract; Intoxication; Annihilationof time; Happiness; M. de Saulcey’s trial; Extraordinarydelusions; History of Genii; The Sheykh’s jinnee; Mr. Lane’scook and the efreet; The captain’s sheep; Mansour’s jinnee;Experiments; The impromptu mjah; The fosterer of superstitionamongst the Arabs | 230 |
| [Chapter XVII].—Hubble-Bubble. | |
| Dakka smoking at Ambriz; Bushmen smokers; Curious method ofthe Bechuanas; Egoodu of the Zulus; Snuffling hemp; Hubble-Bubbleof the Delagoans; Haschishans of Constantine; Gunjahin India; Predilection of “Young America” for Bang | 250 |
| [Chapter XVIII].—Siri and Pinang. | |
| The Malayan race; Areca palm; Qualities of nuts; Produce oftrees; Annual production; Preparation; How used; Localnames; Chinese consumption; Cinghalese instruments; Confirmedhabits; Estimates of consumption; The palm inSumatra; Substitutes in the Philippines—in Ceylon; Poeticalvotaries | 257 |
| [Chapter XIX].—Under the Palms. | |
| The betel peppers; Their cultivation; Chenai of Penang; Polynesianava; Chewing cava at Tongataboo; Pipula moola;Gambir preparation; “Kutt,” or cutch; Story of an Indian“kutt” maker; Areca cutch; Statistics of the catechu andgambir trade | 267 |
| [Chapter XX].—Chewing the Coon. | |
| In Burmah; The Manilla doctor; Yankee adventure; Teethcolouring properties; Custom in Sumatra; Betel-stand of theSultan of Moco-moco; Of the Sultan of Sooloo; Betel a correctiveof over-doses of opium; Tagali maidens; A Tagal wedding;Making the buyos; Mahomedan abstinence; Offer to LadyRaffles | 277 |
| [Chapter XXI].—Our Lady of Yongas. | |
| Coca under the Incas; Origin of the name; Early history; Thecoca shrub; The harvest; Estimated production; Estimatedconsumption and consumers; Spanish protection; Method ofusing the coca; How to enjoy it; Stimulating effects; Cocatea-parties; Confirmed coqueros; The virtues of coca; Thevices of coca; Power of allaying hunger; Questionable nutritiveproperties; Devotion of Peruvians to it; Narcotic rhododendrons | 285 |
| [Chapter XXII].—Whitewash and Clay. | |
| Lime-eating at Paria; Among the Guajiros; White mud of theRiver Mackenzie; Edible clay of the Guanos and Ottomacs; OfBanco; Caouac of Western Africa; Tanaampo and ampo ofJava; Edible stone of New Caledonia; Lime at Popayan;Leche de llanka of Quito; Russian stone butter; Steinbutterand bergbutter of Germany; Bergmehl of Sweden; Fossilinfusoria; MM. Cloquet and Breschet’s experiments; Bucaroclay of Portugal and Spain; Pahsa of La Paz; Chaco ofChiquisaca; Red earth of Sikkim | 304 |
| [Chapter XXIII].—Precious Metals. | |
| Wherein metals are precious; Cumulative action of mineralpoisons; Use of corrosive sublimate; Arsenic eaters of Styria;in Canada; Benefits claimed for it; Arseniated tobacco ofChina; Effects of Arsenic; Uses of Arsenic at home | 314 |
| [Chapter XXIV].—Datura and Co. | |
| Solanaceous plants and their properties; The thorn-apple of India;The Florispondio of Peru; Its superstitious uses; Indulgencetherein in New Granada; Effects of thorn-apple on the Jamaicasoldiers; Origin of Belladonna; Its effects as a poison; Influenceon the brain; A family beneath the spell; Henbane and itseffects; Jealousy caused and cured; Foxglove leaves | 323 |
| [Chapter XXV].—The Exile of Siberia. | |
| Kamtschatdale prospects; Poisonous fungi; The amanita-eater inRussia; Fatal effects of amanita; Description; Preparation ofthe fungus; Method of indulging therein; Effects produced;Its singular properties; “Sucking the monkey;” Narcoticsymptoms of poisonous fungi; Narcotism of puff-ball | 336 |
| [Chapter XXVI].—Odds and Ends. | |
| Gathering the crumbs; Smoke vision of life; The Canadian herb;Legend of St. Betsy; Two Ottoman swains; Story of AbouGallioun; Chinese designations; Smoke doth follow the fairest;The broken pipe of Saladin; Clerical authority; The Angel ofSleep and the Angel of Death | 346 |
| [Appendix]. | |
| Tables of chronology of tobacco; Of consumption of tobacco;Duties on importation of tobacco; Profits of the French Regie;Consumption of tobacco in Britain; Consumption of tobacco inthe Austrian Empire; Exports from the United States in 1855;Disposition of the growth of the United States in 1840 and1850; Exports from America in decennial periods; Analysis oftobacco; Return of opium exports; Income of East India Companyfrom opium monopoly; Opium statistics of Great Britain;Analysis of opium; Prisoners sentenced to the House of Correction,and their opium habits; Opium consumed in theSingapore Hospital; Reports of opium smoking in China;Professor Johnston’s estimates; Synopsis of narcotics with theirsubstitutes | 357 |
THE SEVEN SISTERS OF SLEEP.
[CHAPTER I.]
SOMEWHAT FABULOUS.
“Oh sleep! it is a gentle thing,
Beloved from pole to pole.”——Coleridge.
During the Decian persecution, seven inhabitants of Ephesus retired to a cave, six were persons of some consequence, the seventh was their servant; from hence they despatched the attendant occasionally to purchase food for them. Decius, who like most tyrants possessed long ears, hearing of this, ordered the mouth of the cave to be stopped up while the fugitives were sleeping. After a lapse of some hundred years, a part of the masonry at the mouth of the cave falling, the light flowing in awakened them. Thinking, as Rip Van Winkle also thought, that they had enjoyed a good night’s rest, they despatched their servant to buy provisions. All appeared to him strange in Ephesus; and a whimsical dialogue took place, the citizens accusing him of having found hidden treasure, he persisting that he offered the current coin of the realm. At length, the attention of the emperor was excited, and he went, in company with the bishop, to visit them. They related their story, and shortly after expired.
Thus much chroniclers narrate of the seven sleepers of Ephesus. All are not agreed as to the place where this extraordinary event occurred. It has been assigned also to the “mountain of the seven sleepers,” near Tersous. It may have been claimed by the citizens of twenty other ancient cities, for aught we can tell: Faith removes mountains. But the number remains intact. Mahomet wrote of seven heavens—no Mahometan takes the trouble to believe in less. The “wise men were but seven;” there were seven poets of the age of Theocritus; seven of the daughters of Pleione elevated to the back of Taurus; and
“There were seven pillars of gothic mould,