[j] "They advocated nullification and threatened dissolution of the Union."—J. P. Gordy, Political History of the United States, ii, 299.
[k] The President in March, 1812, sent to Congress the documents for which he had paid one John Henry $50,000. The latter claimed to be an agent sent from Canada in 1809 to detach New England Federalists from their allegiance to the Union. Congress by resolution proclaimed the validity of the documents. The British minister solemnly denied all knowledge of them on the part of his government. The American people believed in their authenticity, which belief was confirmed during the war by the distinct favor shown for a while to Massachusetts, and by the hope, openly entertained by England, of separating New England from New York and the southern states.
[l] Manufactures in Connecticut (abridged from the U. S. marshal's report in the autumn of 1810, cited in Niles' Register, vi, 323-333) were represented by 14 cotton mills, 15 woolen mills. (By 1815 New London county alone had 14 woolen mills and 10 cotton.) These had increased to 60 cotton in 1819, and to 36 woolen. Flax cloth, blended or unnamed cloths, and wool cloth,—all these made in families,—amounted to a yearly valuation of $2,151,972; hempen cloth, $12,148; stockings, $111,021; silks (sewing and raw), $28,503; hats to the value of $522,200; straw bonnets, $25,100; shell, horn, and ivory in manufactured products, $70,000. Looms for cotton numbered 16,132; carding machines, 184; fulling mills, 213, and there were 11,883 spindles.
In iron, wood, and steel: 8 furnaces, with output of $46,180; 48 forges, $183,910; 2 rolling and slitting mills, 32 trip-hammers, $91,146; 18 naileries, $27,092; 4 brass foundries, 1 type foundry, brass jewelry, and plaited ware, $49,200; metal buttons, 155,000 gross, or $102,125; guns, rifles, etc., $49,050.
Among other manufactories and manufactures there were 408 tanneries, $476,339; shoes, boots, etc., $231,812; the tin plate industry, $139,370; 560 distilleries, $811,144; 18 paper mills, $82,188; ropewalks, $243,950; carriages, $68,855, and the beginnings of brick-making, glass-works, pottery, marble works, which, with the state's 24 flaxseed mills and seven gunpowder mills, brought the sum total to approximately $6,000,000.
Still the great impetus to manufacturing, which completely revolutionized the character of the state, followed the Joint-stock Act of 1837, with its consequent investment of capital and rush of emigration, resulting in later days in a development of the cities at the expense of the rural districts.
[m] Gilbert Brewster, the Arkwright of American cotton machinery, Eli Whitney, with his cotton gin and rifle improvements, and John Fitch, with his experiments with steam, are the most distinguished among a host of men who made Yankee ingenuity and Yankee skill proverbial.
[n] "Era of Good Feeling, 1817-1829. The best principles of the Federalists, the preservation and perpetuity of the Federal government, had been quietly accepted by the Republicans, and the Republican principle of limiting the powers and duties of the Federal government had been adopted by the Federalists. The Republicans deviated so far from their earlier strict construction views as in 1816 to charter a national bank for twenty years, and to model it upon Hamilton's bank of 1791 which they had refused to re-charter in 1811,"—A. Johnson, American Politics, pp. 80, 81.
[o] "This was for the support of missions outside the state. The Domestic or State Home Missionary Society undertook the buiding up of places within the state that were without suitable religious care. The former finally absorbed the latter when its original purpose was accomplished. Then, there was the Litchfield County Foreign Mission Society, founded in 1812, the _first _auxiliary of the American Board, which began its career in 1810, and was incorporated the same year that its youngest branch was organized."—Lyman Beecher, Autobiography, i, 275, 287-88 and 291.
[p] Organized in New Haven in October, 1812, with Dr. Dwight as chairman. Members of the committee upon organization included nearly all the prominent men of that day, both of the clergy and of the bar. A list is given in Lyman Beecher, Autobiography, i, 256.