ILLUSTRATIONS
| Plates | ||
| PAGE | ||
| Conclusion of Lenape Annual Ceremony in Oklahoma. Native Painting by Ernest Spybuck, a Shawnee | [Frontispiece] | |
| I. | Lenape Man and Woman of Oklahoma in Ceremonial Costume | [22] |
| II. | Costume worn by Impersonator of Mĭsinghâliʹkŭn | [34] |
| III. | Masks of the Minsi (After Peter Jones) | [38] |
| IV. | Stone Head or Mĭsiʹngʷ‛, from Staten Island, N. Y. | [42] |
| V. | Lenape Ceremonial House near Dewey, Oklahoma | [82] |
| VI. | Lenape Annual Ceremony in Progress. Native Painting by Ernest Spybuck, a Shawnee | [86] |
| VII. | Plan of Lenape Ceremonial House and Grounds | [94] |
| VIII. | “Nahneetis, the Guardian of Health.” | [168] |
| IX. | The Peyote Rite among the Lenape. Native Painting by Ernest Spybuck, a Shawnee | [186] |
| Figures | ||
| 1. | Mask of the Oklahoma Lenape | [32] |
| 2. | Rattle of Turtleshell used by Mĭsiʹngʷ‛ | [33] |
| 3. | Charm representing Mĭsinghâliʹkŭn | [37] |
| 4. | Mask from the Canadian Lenape | [39] |
| 5. | Stone Head or Mĭsiʹngʷ‛ | [40] |
| 6. | Central Post of Ceremonial House showing Carved Face | [83] |
| 7. | Side Posts of Ceremonial House showing Carved Faces | [84] |
| 8. | Ceremonial Fire-drill used at the Annual Ceremony | [86] |
| 9. | Rattle of Land-tortoise Shell, used by Celebrants at the Annual Ceremony | [93] |
| 10. | Drum made of Dried Deerskin, used at the Annual Ceremony | [94] |
| 11. | Sacred Drumsticks, used at the Annual Ceremony | [102] |
| 12. | a, Plain Drumstick used at the Annual Ceremony. b, Prayerstick | [102] |
| 13. | Paint-dish of Bark, used at the Annual Ceremony | [105] |
| 14. | Drum of Dried Deerskin. Minsi type | [129] |
| 15. | a, Drumstick, Minsi type. b, Prayerstick | [130] |
| 16. | a, Regalia of Otter-skin used in the Otter Rite. b, Regalia as worn | [178] |
| 17. | Flint and Steel used in the Otter Rite | [180] |
| 18. | Rattle or Land-tortoise Shell used in the Otter Rite | [181] |
| 19. | Peyote “Button” | [185] |
PREFACE
The following paper is intended to be the first of a series concerning different phases of the culture of the Lenape or Delaware Indians, once a numerous people forming a confederacy of three closely related tribes, the Unami, the Minsi or Muncey, and the Unala‛ʹtko or Unalachtigo, first encountered by the whites in what is now New Jersey, Delaware, eastern Pennsylvania, and southeastern New York, but at last accounts[1] reduced to some 1900 souls scattered in Oklahoma and the Province of Ontario, Canada, with a few in Wisconsin and Kansas. Of these the Lenape of Oklahoma seem to be mainly of Unami extraction, the rest largely Minsi, while the Unala‛ʹtko appear to have merged with the others and to have lost their identity.
The writer has gathered most of his data for the whole series from the Oklahoma bands, with such informants as Chief Charley Elkhair (Kokŭlŭpoʹw‛ʹe), Julius Fox, or Fouts (Petaʹnĭhink), Minnie Fox (Wemĕĕleʹxkwĕ) his wife, and William Brown; but much valuable information came from Canada where his principal informants were Chief James Wolf (‛Tayenoʹxwan), Chief Nellis F. Timothy, (Tomapemihiʹlat), Isaac Monture (Kaʹpyŭ‛hŭm), Chief Nellis Monture, Michael Anthony (Na‛nkŭmaʹoxa), and Monroe Pheasant. Of these especial credit is due to Julius Fox and Chief Timothy, both of whom manifested great interest in the work and exerted every effort to make it complete, and to Ernest Spybuck, a Shawnee, whose paintings, carefully made of Delaware ceremonies at the writer’s request, form a valuable adjunct to the text.
The works of previous writers have been utilized where available, and much has been learned from archeological discoveries in the ancient territory of the Lenape, not so much, of course, with regard to the subject matter of the present paper, as of others in preparation.