[216] This refers to the couplet so often quoted in Hindu authors, "Logic, the three Vedas, trade and agriculture, and the eternal doctrine of polity,—these four sciences are the causes of the stability of the world" (cf. Manu, vii. 43). It occurs in Kámandaki's Nítisára, ii. 2, and seems to be referred to in Vátsyáyana's Com. p. 3, from which Mádhava is here borrowing.
[217] Compare the English proverb, "As soon as the cat can lick her ear."
[218] Literally the "bell-road," i.e., "the chief road through a village, or that by which elephants, &c., decorated with tinkling ornaments, proceed."—Wilson's Dict.
[219] The cognition is produced in the first moment, remains during the second, and ceases in the third.
[220] See Nyáya Sút. i. 2.
[221] As otherwise why should we require liberation at all? Or rather the author probably assumes that other Naiyáyikas have sufficiently established this point against its opponents, cf. p. 167, line 11.
[222] See supra, pp. 24-32.
[223] All is momentary, all is pain, all is sui generis, all is unreal.
[224] In the form of the various kleśas or "afflictions."
[225] Ávaraṇa, cf. pp. 55, 58.