144 : 11 seq. See the authorities quoted, in Ripley, pp. 361–362. The Bashkirs, however, are partly Finn, partly Tatar as well.
144 : 26–145: 1. Ripley, pp. 416 seq. and 434.
145 : 3. Ripley, p. 434.
145 : 7. Freeman, 1, pp. 113–115; Haddon, 3, p. 45.
145 : 10. Ripley, p. 421. These are the Volga Finns. Old Bulgaria, according to Pruner-Bey, 2, t. I, pp. 399–433, P. F. Kanitz and others, seems to have been between the Ural mountains and the Volga. The old Bulgarians were a Finnic tribe (just which is a matter of much dispute). They crossed the Danube toward the end of the seventh century. See Freeman, 1, pp. 17, 155.
145 : 11 seq. Ripley, p. 426, based on Bassanovič, p. 30.
145 : 16. Ripley, p. 421.
145 : 19. Of the numerous tribes who, since the Christian Era, have entered Europe and Anatolia from western Asia some were undoubtedly pure Mongoloids, like the Huns of Attila, or the hordes of Genghis Khan. Others were probably under Mongoloid leaders, and included a large proportion of West Asiatic Alpines (i. e., Turcomans), while still others may have been substantially Alpines. The Mongols in their sweep into Europe would naturally gather up and carry with them many of the tribes of western Asia, or perhaps more often would drive the latter ahead of them.
146 : 3 seq. Ripley, p. 139; Taylor, 1, p. 119; Peake, 2, p. 162.
146 : 8. Ripley, p. 136. These primitive nests occur also in Norway.