[35]. Macaulay’s famous Essay on the Earl of Chatham.
[36]. “His (the elder Pitt) greatness is throughout identified with the Expansion of England; he is a statesman of Greater Britain. It is in the buccaneering war with Spain that he sows his political wild oats; his glory is won in the great colonial duel with France; his old age is spent in striving to avert schism in Greater Britain” (Prof. Seeley’s “Expansion of England,” p. 144).
[37]. The epitaph on Chatham’s monument in Westminster Abbey.
[38]. The declaration of American Independence.
[39]. “As in the American War, France avenges on England her expulsion from the New World, so under Napoleon she makes Titanic efforts to recover her lost place there. This, indeed, is Napoleon’s fixed view with regard to England. He sees in England never the island, the European state, but always the world Empire, the network of dependencies and colonies and islands covering every sea, among which he was himself destined to find his prison and his grave” (Seeley’s “Expansion of England,” p. 33).
[40]. The first coalition of England, Prussia, Holland, and Sweden, was for the purpose of keeping the European Peace.
The second coalition (1799–1801), composed of Russia, England, Austria, Portugal, Naples, and the Ottoman Empire.
The third coalition (1805), composed of England, Russia, Austria, and Sweden.
[41]. “Though he was still but forty-seven, the hollow voice and wasted frame of the great Minister had long told that death was near, and the blow to his hopes proved fatal. ‘Roll up that map,’ he said, pointing to the map of Europe, ‘it will not be wanted these ten years.’ Once only he rallied from stupor; and those who bent over him caught a faint murmur of ‘My country! How I leave my country!’” (Green’s “Short History of English People,” p. 799).
[42]. Prof. Seeley’s “Expansion of England,” p. 105.