PORIFERA (p. [163]).
Class. Sub-Class. Order. Family. Sub-Family.
MEGAMASTICTORA (pp. [183], [184]) Calcarea (p. [184]) Homocoela (p. [185])

Leucosoleniidae (p. [185]).

Clathrinidae (p. [185]).
Heterocoela (p. [187])

Sycettidae (p. [187]).

Grantiidae (p. [192]).

Heteropidae (p. [192]).

Amphoriscidae (p. [192]).
Pharetronidae (p. [192])

Dialytinae (p. [192]).

Lithoninae (p. [193]).
Astroscleridae (p. [194]).
MICROMASTICTORA (pp. [183], [195]) Myxospongiae (p. [196]).
Hexactinellida (p. [197])

Amphidiscophora (p. [203]).

Hexasterophora (p. [203]).
Receptaculitidae (p. [207]).

Octactinellida (p. [208]).

Heteractinellida (p. [208]).
Demospongiae (p. [209]) Tetractinellida (pp. [211], [212])

Choristida (p. [212]).

Lithistida (pp. [212], [215]).
Monaxonida (pp. [211], [216])

Halichondrina (p. [217]).

Spintharophora (p. [217]).
Ceratosa (pp. [211], [220]) Dictyoceratina (p. [220])

Spongidae (p. [220]).

Spongelidae (p. [220]).
Dendroceratina (pp. [220], [221]).
COELENTERATA (p. [243]).
Class. Order. Sub-Order. Family. Sub-Family.
HYDROZOA (p. [249])

Eleutheroblastea (p. [253]).

Milleporina (p. [257]).
Gymnoblastea (Anthomedusae) (p. [262])

Bougainvilliidae (p. [269]).

Podocorynidae (p. [270]).

Clavatellidae (p. [270]).

Cladonemidae (p. [270]).

Tubulariidae (p. [271]).

Ceratellidae (p. [271]).

Pennariidae (p. [272]).

Corynidae (p. [272]).

Clavidae (p. [272]).

Tiaridae (p. [273]).

Corymorphidae (p. [273]).

Hydrolaridae (p. [273]).

Monobrachiidae (p. [274]).

Myriothelidae (p. [274]).

Pelagohydridae (p. [274]).
Calyptoblastea (Leptomedusae) (p. [275])

Aequoreidae (p. [278]).

Thaumantiidae (p. [278]).

Cannotidae (p. [278]).

Sertulariidae (p. [278]).
Plumulariidae (p. [279])

Eleutheroplea (p. [279]).

Statoplea (p. [279]).

Hydroceratinidae (p. [279]).

Campanulariidae (p. [280]).

Eucopidae (p. [280]).

Dendrograptidae (p. [281]).
Graptolitoidea (p. [281])

Monoprionidae (p. [282]).

Diprionidae (p. [282]).

Retiolitidae (p. [282]).
Stromatoporidae (p. [283]).
Stylasterina (p. [283]) Stylasteridae (p. [285]).
Trachomedusae (p. [288])

Olindiidae (p. [291]).

Petasidae (p. [294]).

Trachynemidae (p. [294]).

Pectyllidae (p. [294]).

Aglauridae (p. [294]).

Geryoniidae (p. [295]).
Narcomedusae (p. [295])

Cunanthidae (p. [296]).

Peganthidae (p. [296]).

Aeginidae (p. [296]).

Solmaridae (p. [296]).
Siphonophora (p. [297]) Calycophorae (p. [305]) Monophyidae (p. [306])

Sphaeronectinae (p. [306]).

Cymbonectinae (p. [306]).

Diphyidae (p. [306])

Amphicaryoninae (p. [306])

Prayinae (p. [306])

Desmophyinae (p. [307])

Stephanophyinae (p. [307])

 Oppositae (p. [306])

Galeolarinae (p. [307])

Diphyopsinae (p. [307])

Abylinae (p. [307])

 Superpositae (p. [307])
Polyphyidae (p. [307]).
Physophorae (p. [307]) Physonectidae (p. [307])

Agalminae (p. [307]).

Apoleminae (p. [307]).

Physophorinae (p. [308]).

Auronectidae (p. [308]).

Rhizophysaliidae (p. [308]).

Chondrophoridae (p. [308]).
SCYPHOZOA = SCYPHOMEDUSAE (pp. [249], [310]) Cubomedusae (p. [318])

Charybdeidae (p. [318]).

Chirodropidae (p. [319]).

Tripedaliidae (p. [319]).
Stauromedusae (p. [320])

Lucernariidae (p. [320]).

Depastridae (p. [321]).

Stenoscyphidae (p. [321]).
Coronata (p. [321])

Periphyllidae (p. [322]).

Ephyropsidae (p. [322]).

Atollidae (p. [322]).
Discophora (p. [323]) Semaeostomata (p. [323])

Pelagiidae (p. [323]).

Cyanaeidae (p. [324]).

Ulmaridae (p. [324]).
Rhizostomata (p. [324]) Cassiopeidae (p. [324]) = Arcadomyaria (p. [324]).
Cepheidae (p. [324]) = Radiomyaria (p. [324]).

Rhizostomatidae (p. [325])

Lychnorhizidae (p. [325])

Leptobrachiidae (p. [325])

Catostylidae (p. [325])

 = Cyclomyaria (p. [325]).
Class. Sub-Class. Grade. Order. Sub-Order. Family.
ANTHOZOA = ACTINOZOA (pp. [249], [326]) Alcyonaria (p. [329]) Protoalcyonacea (p. [342]) Haimeidae (p. [342]).
Synalcyonacea (p. [342]) Stolonifera (p. [342])

Cornulariidae (p. [344]).

Clavulariidae (p. [344]).

Tubiporidae (p. [344]).

Favositidae (p. [344]).
Coenothecalia (p. [344])

Heliolitidae (p. [346]).

Helioporidae (p. [346]).

Coccoseridae (p. [346]).

Thecidae (p. [346]).

Chaetetidae (p. [346]).

Alcyonacea (p. [346])

Xeniidae (p. [348]).

Telestidae (p. [348]).

Coelogorgiidae (p. [349]).

Alcyoniidae (p. [349]).

Nephthyidae (p. [349]).

Siphonogorgiidae (p. [349]).
Gorgonacea (p. [350]) Pseudaxonia (p. [350])

Briareidae (p. [350]).

Sclerogorgiidae (p. [351]).

Melitodidae (p. [351]).

Coralliidae (p. [352]).
Axifera (p. [353])

Isidae (p. [353]).

Primnoidae (p. [354]).

Chrysogorgiidae (p. [355]).

Muriceidae (p. [355]).

Plexauridae (p. [356]).

Gorgoniidae (p. [356]).

Gorgonellidae (p. [357]).
Pennatulacea (p. [358]) Pennatuleae (p. [361])

Pteroeididae (p. [361]).

Pennatulidae (p. [361]).

Virgulariidae (p. [362]).
Spicatae (p. [362])

Funiculinidae (p. [362]).

Anthoptilidae (p. [362]).

Kophobelemnonidae (p. [362]).

Umbellulidae (p. [362]).
Verticilladeae (p. [363])
Renilleae (p. [363]) Renillidae (p. [363]).
Veretilleae (p. [364])
Zoantharia (pp. [329], [365]) Edwardsiidea (p. [375])

Edwardsiidae (p. [377]).

Protantheidae (p. [377]).
Actiniaria (p. [377]) Actiniina (p. [380])

Halcampidae (p. [380]).

Actiniidae (p. [381]).

Sagartiidae (p. [381]).

Aliciidae (p. [382]).

Phyllactidae (p. [382]).

Bunodidae (p. [382]).

Minyadidae (p. [383]).

Stichodactylina (p. [383])

Corallimorphidae (p. [383]).

Discosomatidae (p. [383]).

Rhodactidae (p. [383]).

Thalassianthidae (p. [383]).
Madreporaria (p. [384])

Cyathophyllidae (p. [394]).

Cyathaxoniidae (p. [394]).

Cystiphyllidae (p. [394]).
Entocnemaria (p. [394])

Madreporidae (p. [395]).

Poritidae (p. [396]).
Cyclocnemaria (p. [397])

Aporosa (p. [397]).

Turbinoliidae (p. [398])

Oculinidae (p. [399])

Astraeidae (p. [399])

A. Gemmantes (p. [400])

A. Fissiparantes (p. [400])

Trochosmiliacea [Sub-Fam.] (p. [401])

Pocilloporidae (p. [401])

Fungacea (p. [402]).

Plesiofungiidae (p. [403])

Fungiidae (p. [403])

Cycloseridae (p. [404])

Plesioporitidae (p. [404])

Eupsammiidae (p. [404])
Zoanthidea (p. [404])

Zoanthidae (p. [404]).

Zaphrentidae (p. [406]).
Antipathidea = Antipatharia (p. [407])

Antipathidae (p. [408]).

Leiopathidae (p. [409]).

Dendrobrachiidae (p. [409]).
Cerianthidea (p. [409]).
CTENOPHORA (p. [412]).
Class. Order. Family.
TENTACULATA (p. [417]) Cydippidea (p. [417])

Mertensiidae (p. [417]).

Callianiridae (p. [417]).

Pleurobrachiidae (p. [418]).
Lobata (p. [418])

Lesueuriidae (p. [419]).

Bolinidae (p. [419]).

Deiopeidae (p. [419]).

Eurhamphaeidae (p. [419]).

Eucharidae (p. [420]).

Mnemiidae (p. [420]).

Calymmidae (p. [420]).

Ocyroidae (p. [420]).
Cestoidea (p. [420]) Cestidae (p. [420]).
Platyctenea (p. [421])

Ctenoplanidae (p. [421]).

Coeloplanidae (p. [422]).
NUDA (p. [423]) Beroidae (p. [423]).
ECHINODERMATA (p. [425]).
Sub-Phylum. Class. Order. Sub-Order. Family. Sub-Family.
ELEUTHEROZOA (p. [430]) Asteroidea (pp. [430], [431]) Spinulosa (pp. [461], [462])

Echinasteridae (p. [462]).

Solasteridae (p. [462]).

Asterinidae (p. [463]).

Poraniidae (p. [464]).

Ganeriidae (p. [464]).

Mithrodiidae (p. [464]).
Velata (pp. [461], [464])

Pythonasteridae (p. [464]).

Myxasteridae (p. [464]).

Pterasteridae (p. [466]).
Paxillosa (pp. [461], [466])

Archasteridae (p. [466]).

Astropectinidae (p. [467]).

Porcellanasteridae (p. [470]).
Valvata (pp. [461], [471])

Linckiidae (p. [471]).

Pentagonasteridae (p. [471]).

Gymnasteridae (p. [471]).

Antheneidae (p. [471]).

Pentacerotidae (p. [471]).
Forcipulata (pp. [462], [473])

Asteriidae (p. [473]).

Heliasteridae (p. [474]).

Zoroasteridae (p. [474]).

Stichasteridae (p. [474]).

Pedicellasteridae (p. [474]).

Brisingidae (p. [474]).
Ophiuroidea (pp. [431], [477]) Streptophiurae (p. [494])
Zygophiurae (pp. [494], [495])

Ophiolepididae (p. [495]).

Amphiuridae (p. [497]).

Ophiocomidae (p. [499]).

Ophiothricidae (p. [499]).
Cladophiurae (pp. [494], [500])

Astroschemidae (p. [501]).

Trichasteridae (p. [501]).

Euryalidae (p. [501]).
Echinoidea (pp. [431], [503]) Endocyclica (pp. [529], [530])

Cidaridae (p. [533]).

Echinothuriidae (p. [535]).

Saleniidae (p. [537]).

Arbaciidae (p. [538]).

Diadematidae (p. [538]).
Echinidae (p. [539])

Temnopleurinae (p. [539]).

Echininae (p. [539]).
Clypeastroidea (pp. [529], [542]) Protoclypeastroidea (p. [548]).
Euclypeastroidea (p. [549])

Fibularidae (p. [549]).

Echinanthidae = Clypeastridae (p. [549]).

Laganidae (p. [549]).

Scutellidae (p. [549]).

Spatangoidea (pp. [529], [549])

Echinonidae (p. [553])

Nucleolidae (p. [554])

Cassidulidae (p. [554])

 Asternata (p. [554]).

Ananchytidae (p. [554])

Palaeostomatidae (p. [554])

Spatangidae (p. [554])

Brissidae (p. [556])

 Sternata (p. [554]).

Archaeocidaridae (p. [557]).

Melonitidae (p. [557]).

Tiarechinidae (p. [557]).

Holectypoidea (p. [558]).

Echinoconidae (p. [558]).

Collyritidae (p. [559]).
Holothuroidea (pp. [431], [560])

Aspidochirota (p. [570]).

Elasipoda (p. [571]).

Pelagothuriida (p. [572]).

Dendrochirota (p. [572]).

Molpadiida (p. [575]).

Synaptida (p. [575]).
PELMATOZOA (pp. [430], [579]) Crinoidea (p. [580])

Hyocrinidae (p. [590]).

Rhizocrinidae (p. [590]).

Pentacrinidae (p. [591]).

Holopodidae (p. [592]).

Comatulidae (p. [594]).

Inadunata (p. [595]).

Articulata (p. [595]).

Camerata (p. [595]).

Thecoidea = Edrioasteroidea (pp. [580], [596]).

Carpoidea (pp. [580], [596]).

Cystoidea (pp. [580], [597]).

Blastoidea (pp. [580], [599]).

PROTOZOA

BY

MARCUS HARTOG, M.A., Trinity College (D.Sc. Lond.)

Professor of Natural History in the Queen's College, Cork.

CHAPTER I