[10]

The chromatin and nucleoles are especially rich in phosphorus, probably in the combination nucleinic acid.

[11]

In chemical phrase the process is "exothermic."

[12]

The growth of crystals is a mere superficial deposit, and cannot at all be identified with protoplasmic growth.

[13]

A. Bolles Lee, in his Microtomist's Vade Mecum, 1st ed. (1885), pointed out that "Clearing reagents are liquids whose primary function is to make microscopic preparations transparent by penetrating amongst the highly refractive elements of which the tissues are composed, having an index of refraction not greatly inferior to that of the tissues to be cleared" (p. [213]). We showed later ("The State in which Water exists in Live Protoplasm," in Rep. Brit. Ass. 1889, p. 645, and Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc. 1890, p. 441) that since the refractivity of living protoplasm is only 1.363-1.368, it follows that the water in the living protoplasm is in a state of perfect physical combination, like the water of a solution of gum [read a "mucilage">[ or of a jelly. Now the phenomena of protoplasmic motions as studied in the Rhizopoda and in the vegetable cell, seem absolutely to preclude the jelly supposition, and for these cases we must admit that living protoplasm is a viscid liquid whose refractivity is probably the mean of the two constituents separated by death, the one solid, the other a watery solution: and death is for us essentially a process of precipitation (or better, "desolution"). For further work on these lines see Hardy in Journ. Physiol. vol. xxiv. 1899, p. 158, and Fischer, Fixirung u. Färbung, 1900.

[14]

In its original use "automatism" designates the continuous sequence and combination of actions, without external interference, performed by complex machines designed and made for specific ends by intelligent beings: thus we speak correctly of "automatic ball bearings" that tighten of themselves when they become loose; but even these cannot take up fresh steel and redeposit it, either to replace the worn parts or to strengthen a tube that is bending under a stress.