Old Fort Snelling, 1819-1858

by Marcus Lee Hansen

• Kansas State Historical Society, [221]
• Kaposia, [83], [152];
  • missionary at, [154];
  • abandonment of mission at, [155];
  • school at, [156];
  • battle near, [232]
• Kearny, Stephen Watts, survey of route for military road by, [29]
• Keating, William H., [161], [162]
• Keelboats, [86]
• Kemper, Jackson, letters describing visit of, to Fort Snelling, [169]–175;
  • reference to, [238], [242]
• Kentucky, settlement of, [14];
  • reference to, [15], [63]
• Kickapoo Indians, treaty with, [208]
• Kinzie, John, [117]
• Kitchens, [75]
• Kittson, Norman W., [140], [235], [245]
• Knives, [136]

• La Baye, [205]
• Laborers, [92]
• Lac du Flambeau, [118]
• Lac du Traverse, [16]
• Lac qui Parle, [110], [116], [144], [154], [155]
• Laidlaw, William, [138]
• Lake Calhoun, [82], [96], [118], [133], [148], [153], [154];
  • mission on, [83]
• Lake Harriet, [82], [96], [127], [154], [198];
  • Indian boarding-school at, [156]
• Lake Huron, [13], [14], [19], [21]
• Lake Itasca, [167]
• Lake Julia, [163]
• Lake Michigan, [17], [19], [21]
• Lake Mini-Waken, [40]
• Lake of the Isles, [82], [96]
• Lake of the Woods, [16], [140], [209]
• Lake Pepin, [23], [24], [29], [93], [142], [171], [172], [212]
• Lake Pokegama, [232]
• Lake St. Croix, [128]
• Lake Superior, trading posts on, [6];
  • reference to, [9], [47], [160], [162], [172]
• Lake Traverse, [103], [116]
• Lake Winnebago, [21]
• Lake Winnipeg, [4], [162], [189], [205]
• Lakes, hunting in region of, [82], [83]
• Landing at Fort Snelling, description of, [73]
• Lands, questions concerning, [111]
• Land's End, [138]
• Land-seekers, effect of coming of, [117], [118];
  • land cessions urged by, [176]
• Latrobe, Charles Joseph, [223]
• “Laughing Water,” 82
• Laundresses, quarters of, [75]
• Lead mines, [178]
• Leavenworth, Henry, [21], [29], [63], [190], [211];
  • message of, to Indian chief, [21], [22];
  • journey of, to mouth of Minnesota River, [22]–24;
  • arrival of, at mouth of Minnesota River, [24];
  • return of, to Prairie du Chien, [24];
  • camp moved by, [27];
  • successor to, [27];
  • sketch of life of, [55], [56]
• Lee, Francis, [49]
• Leech Lake, Pike at, [6];
  • trading post on, [6];
  • reference to, [130], [179]
• Legend concerning Falls of St. Anthony, [81], [82]
• Legend of Sleepy Hollow, The, [14]
• Lewis, Meriwether, expedition under, [4], [5];
  • reference to, [72]
• Library, purchase of books for, [87];
  • reference to, [99]
• Licenses, granting of, to traders, [16], [137], [138]
• Linn County (Iowa), [41]
• Liquor, [86];
  • effect of, on Indians, [129], [141];
  • suppression of traffic in, [129];
  • power of, among Indians, [139], [140];
  • prices charged for, [141], [142];
  • destruction of, [143], [144]
• Liquor traffic, regulation of, [139]–145
• Little Crow, [68], [116], [117], [132], [155]
• Little Falls (Minnesota), [6], [81]
• Little Thunder, [118]
• Lockwood, Judge, [170]
• Log cabins, erection of, [25]
• Log village for Indians, [149]
• Long, Stephen H., site for fort approved by, [19];
  • reference to, [95];
  • expedition of, to upper Mississippi, [160]–163
• Longfellow, Henry W., [62]
• Lookout platform, [74]
• Loomis, Gustavus, [36], [156], [166];
• punishment inflicted by, [90]
• Loras, Mathias, [127], [231];
  • activities of, at Mendota, [158]
• Lords of the North, [54]–72
• Louisiana, transfer of, [7]
• Louisiana Purchase, effect of, [4]
• Louisville (Kentucky), [169]
• Lover's rock, [172]
• Lower Red Cedar Lake, trading post on, [6]
• “Loyal Hanna” (steamboat), [169]
• Lumber, making of, [27], [28], [82]

• McCain, H. P., acknowledgments to, [ix]
• M'Gillis, Hugh, [6]
• McGregor, John R., [196]
• McKenny, T. L., [17]
• McKenzie, Kenneth, trading house bought by, [79];
  • reference to, [138]
• McLean, Nathaniel, [71], [220]
• McMahon, Doctor, [121]
• McNeil, Colonel, [117]
• Mackinac, capture of, by British, [9], [10];
  • reference to, [11], [12], [18], [118], [146], [201], [209];
  • transfer of, to Americans, [18]
• Madison, James, [12]
• Magazine, [74];
  • contents of, [76], [77]
• Ma-ghe-ga-bo, [182], [183]
• Magruder, William T., [63], [186]
• Mahoney, Sergeant, purchases made by, [89]
• Mail, carrying of, to Fort Snelling, [97]–99, [101]
• Maize, raising of, [95]
• “Malta” (steamboat), [169]
• Man-of-the-sky, [133]
• Mandan (North Dakota), [5]
• Mandan Indians, Lewis and Clark among, [5];
  • reference to, [206]
• Maple sugar, [120]
• March, preparations for, [93]–95
• Marengo (Iowa), difficulties with Indians near, [42], [43]
• Marion (Iowa), [42]
• Marquette, Jacques, [3], [146]
• Marryat, Frederick, visit of, to Fort Snelling, [168], [229]
• Marsh, John, letter from, [33];
  • service of, as tutor, [100], [101]
• Marston, Major, [22]
• Massacre of 1862, [118]
• Massy, Louis, [192]
• Mather, William Williams, visit of, to Fort Snelling, [165]
• Mdewakanton Sioux Indians, treaty with, [247]
• Meals, character of, [85]–87
• Medals, giving up of, by Indians, [6];
  • giving of, by English, [112];
  • giving of, by United States, [113], [114];
  • slur against, [145]
• Mendota, treaty of, [49], [247];
  • settlement at, [80], [81];
  • headquarters of fur trade at, [135], [136];
  • factor at, [139];
  • reference to, [142], [212], [223], [245];
  • religious activities at, [157], [158];
  • traders at, [188]
• Menominee Indians, unwillingness of, to make treaty, [13];
  • reference to, [177]
• Mess-rooms, [75]
• Mexican War, services of Taylor in, [59];
  • services of Scott in, [61];
  • reference to, [63];
  • service of Canby in, [64]
• Mexico, City of, [64], [197]
• Michigan, Territory of, [32]
• Military frontier, forward movement of, [17], [18]
• Military posts, establishment of, [2];
  • permission for establishment of, [7]
• Military reservation, [192];
  • removal of settlers from, [192]–195
• Military road, survey of route for, [28], [29]
• Military rules, severity of, [91]
• Mille Lac, [180]
• Miller, John, [19]
• Mills, [82], [149];
  • guarding of, [96]
• Minneapolis, real estate speculation at, [50]
• Minnehaha Creek, [27]
• Minnehaha Falls, [62], [96], [127], [198]
• Minnesota, Indians in, [103];
  • diocese of Dubuque extended over, [158];
  • reference to, [177]
• Minnesota, Territory of, [32], [216];
  • organization of, [196]
• [Minnesota River], Carver on, [1];
  • reference to, [2], [21], [30], [31], [47], [55], [74], [106], [110], [111], [118], [121], [138], [140], [146], [154], [155], [185], [187], [207];
  • cession of land at mouth of, secured by Pike, [7], [8];
  • promise of trading house at mouth of, [17];
  • selection of site for fort at mouth of, [19];
  • arrival of troops at mouth of, [24], [212];
  • fort located at junction of Mississippi River and, [27];
  • concentration of Sioux Indians along, [49];
  • scenery at mouth of, [79], [80];
  • Indian villages on, [83];
  • clearing of timber from banks of, [99];
  • expedition up, [162];
  • name of, [206]
• Minnesota Valley, settlement of, [39];
  • geological survey in, [165]
• Mission, [83]
• Missionaries, [3], [118], [146]–158;
  • methods of, suggested by Taliaferro, [150], [151];
  • service of, [199]
• Missionary societies, [145]
• Missions, activities at, [155]
• Mississippi River, Carver on, [1];
  • reference to, [2], [13], [15], [21], [30], [48], [55], [58], [74], [103], [107], [120], [126], [129], [131], [135], [143], [158], [167], [179], [187], [205], [207];
  • foreign jurisdictions over country west of, [2], [3];
  • expedition of Pike up, [4];
  • activities of British traders on, [5]–8;
  • cession of land on, secured by Pike, [7], [8];
  • treaties with Indians on, [12], [13];
  • proposed trading posts on, [17];
  • forts on, [18], [19];
  • fort located at junction of Minnesota River and, [27];
  • exploration of, by Cass, [28];
  • scenery along, [79], [80];
  • road along, [81];
  • Indian villages on, [83];
  • low water in, [86];
  • seizure of liquor on, [144];
  • first steamboat on upper, [159], [160];
  • attempt to find source of, [163];
  • discovery of source of, [167];
  • advertisements of trip on, [168], [169];
  • description of journey up, [169]–175;
  • reasons for cession of land east of, [178], [179];
  • cession of land east of, [182]–185, [192];
  • military reservation on, [193]
• Mississippi Valley, settlement of, [39];
  • erection of military posts in, [47];
  • work of missionaries in, [146];
  • opening of, to settlement, [185];
  • reference to, [200]
• Missouri, increase in population of, [15];
  • reference to, [66]
• Missouri, Territory of, [29], [32]
• Missouri Compromise, [66]
• Missouri Fur Company, murder of employees of, [113]
• Missouri Indians, [116]
• Missouri River, [2], [3], [6], [13], [21], [30], [37], [46], [56], [72], [107], [112], [113], [116], [135], [138], [148], [167], [205], [216], [230];
  • English traders on, [4];
  • Lewis and Clark expedition on, [4], [5];
  • treaties with Indians on, [12], [13];
  • forts on, [19], [20];
  • return of Sacs and Foxes from, [42];
  • removal of Indians to, [44]
• Modoc Indians, war with, [65]
• Molino del Rey, Battle of, death of Scott in, [60], [61], [62]
• Moncrief, W. T., [226]
• Monroe, James, [36], [49], [186], [236]
• Monsieur Tonson, [100]
• “Monsoon” (steamboat), [169]
• Montreal, activities of merchants of, [4]
• Moores, Hazen, [143]
• Morgan's Bluff, [89]
• Morrill, Mr., [50]
• Morse, Jedidiah, plan of, for civilizing Indians, [103], [118]
• Mud Lake, [125], [191]
• Mumford, Mr., [101]
• Murderers, surrender of, by Indians, [113];
  • killing of, by Chippewas, [122]–124;
  • punishment of, [125], [126], [132]
• Murphy, R. G., [71], [145]
• Musick, Peter, killing of cattle of, [191]
• Musket flints, [77]
• Muskrat furs, exchange of, for liquor, [142]
• Muskrats, trapping of, [105]
• Mutinies, causes of, [91]

• Nadin, complaint of, [181]
• Nadoueseronoms, [119]
• Navajo Indians, expedition against, [64]
• Needles, purchase of, [88]
• Nelson River, [189]
• Neutral Ground, removal of Winnebagoes from, [47]
• New Mexico, [64]
• New Orleans, [56]
• New Ulm (Minnesota), [49]
• New York City, [56], [145], [172], [175];
  • draft riots in, [64]
• Niagara Falls, [55], [173]
• Nichols, R. C., building of Fort Armstrong by, [18]
• Nicollet, Jean, exploration by, [3]
• Nicollet, Joseph N., explorations by, [166], [167];
  • reference to, [180]
• Nine Mile River, [174]
• Nokay River, [48]
• North, Lords of, [54]–72
• North Dakota, [40]
• North West Company, activities of, [4];
  • traders of, [5];
  • extent of commerce of, [6];
  • reference to, [8], [9], [10], [244]
• Northern Pacific Survey, [46]
• Northwest, period of foreign rule in, [1]–17;
  • reference to, [18];
  • importance of Fort Snelling in, [55], [118];
  • guardian of, [30];
  • work of missionaries in, [146]–158;
  • coming of first steamboat to, [159], [160];
  • missionary bishop of, [169], [242];
  • part of Fort Snelling in development of, [199], [200];
  • meaning of term, [205]

• Oak Grove, mission at, [155]
• Oats, raising of, [95]
• O'Fallon, Benjamin, [16]
• Officer of the day, [85]
• Officers' Mess, [88]
• Officers' quarters, description of, [75];
  • fire in, [101]
• Officers' Training Camp, [53]
• “O. H. Perry” (keelboat), [33], [34]
• Ojibway Indians, home of, [103]
• Old Northwest, settlement of, [14];
  • reference to, [205]
• Oliphant, Laurence, [222]
• Oliver, Lieutenant, experiences of, [26]
• Orderly-room, [75]
• Ordnance, alleged lack of, [76];
  • stock of, [76], [77]
• Ordnance sergeant, quarters of, [75]
• Ordway, John, [206]
• Oregon treaty, [46]
• Orphan asylum, [118]
• Orphans, fund for relief of, [87]
• Osage Indians, treaty with, [208]
• Ottawa Indians, [177]
• Otter furs, exchange of, for liquor, [142]
• Otter Tail Lake, [37], [131]
• Otto, Helen, acknowledgments to, x

• Pacific Coast, emigration to, [45];
  • necessity of railroad to, [46];
  • survey of route for railroad to, [46], [47]
• Pacific Northwest, [205]
• Page, Captain, [36]
• Painted rock, [175]
• Painters, [92]
• “Palmyra” (steamboat), [168]
• Paper, purchase of, [88]
• Papermakers, [92]
• Parade ground, [73];
  • sweeping of, [85]
• Parkman, Francis, [146]
• Parties, holding of, [100], [101]
• Pattern farms, [103]
• Patterson, Robert, visit of, to Fort Snelling, [164]
• Pawnee Indians, campaign against, [56]
• Paymaster, office of, [75]
• Peace conferences between Indians, [131]
• Peace pipe, [107];
  • smoking of, [126]
• Pelzer, Louis, vii
• Pembina, hunting party from, [38];
  • expedition to, [39], [40], [45];
  • reference to, [140], [163]
• Pemmican, making of, [37]
• Peoria (Illinois), [99]
• Pepper, purchase of, [88]
• Perrot, Nicholas, [3]
• Perry, Abraham, [192]
• Perry, Mrs. Abraham, [193]
• Pe-she-ke, speech by, [183]
• Pettijohn, Eli, purchase made by, [88]
• Phelan, Edward, [190]
• Philadelphia, [161], [164]
• Physician at Fort Snelling, sketch of life of, [65], [66];
  • service of, to settlers, [190], [191]
• Piankashaw Indians, treaty with, [208]
• Picnic grounds, [82]
• Picnics, [96]
• Pike, Zebulon M., expedition under, [4];
  • activities of English traders investigated by, [5]–8;
  • cession of land secured by, [7], [8];
  • reference to, [11], [22], [139], [146], [179], [192], [193];
  • promise made by, [17]
• Pike's Island, [187]
• Pillager band of Chippewas, treaty with, [45];
  • reference to, [179], [182]
• Pilot Knob, [80]
• Pine Bend, [86]
• Pine Coulie, [232]
• Pine timber, [172]
• Pinisha, [83]
• Pipestone quarry, trip to, [167]
• Pioneers, protection of, against Indians, [116];
  • coming of, [199]
  • (see [Settlers])
• Pittsburgh, [160]
• Plattsburg, [57]
• Pleasures of soldiers, [96], [97]
• Plympton, J., [65], [125], [126], [192], [193]
• Poage, Sarah, [154]
• Poinsett, J. R., [194]
• Police guard, [85]
• Pond, Gideon, coming of, to Fort Snelling, [151];
  • work of, among Indians, [152]–156
• Pond, S. W., [72], [103];
  • coming of, to Fort Snelling, [151];
  • work of, among Indians, [152]–156
• Pontiac's conspiracy, [3]
• Pope, John, [215]
• Pork, [86];
  • ration of, [109];
  • giving of, to Indians, [110]
• Portage des Sioux, [17]
• Post fund, [87]
• Post school, [75];
  • fund for maintenance of, [87];
  • organization of, [101]
• Potatoes, raising of, [95]
• Potosi (Wisconsin), [170], [173]
• Pottawattamie Indians, [42], [177];
  • treaty with, [208]
• Poupon, Isadore, [230]
• Powder, stock of, [77]
• Poweshiek (Chief), [44]
• Prairie du Chien, [11], [16], [20], [21], [26], [32], [33], [34], [41], [58], [66], [92], [122], [140], [142], [149], [161], [164], [170], [172], [173], [181], [187], [195], [243], [246];
  • establishment of Fort Shelby at, [11], [12];
  • capture of, by British, [12];
  • round-about route to, [13];
  • Fort Crawford at, [18];
  • arrival of troops at, [22];
  • return of Leavenworth to, [24];
  • carrying of mail between Fort Snelling and, [97]–99, [101];
  • treaty made at, in 1825, [130], [177], [178]
• Preëmption, [192]
• Prescott, Philander, [212]
• Presents, giving of, to Indians, [13], [23], [107], [111]
• President of United States, [16]
• Prevost, George, [8]
• Prices, fixing of, [87]
• Prison, number of soldiers in, [91]
• Prisoners, guarding of, [85]
• Provencalle, Louis, [143]
• Provisions, distribution of, to Indians, [110];
  • character of, [213]
• Pump, [74]
• Punishments, character of, [90], [91]
• Puthuff, William H., [209]

• Quaife, Milo M., acknowledgments to, ix
• Quarrels in garrison, [102]
• Quarrying, employment of soldiers at, [96]
• Quartermaster, trouble between physician and, [65], [66];
  • office of, [75]
• Quebec, [118], [208]

• Radisson, Pierre Esprit, exploration by, [3];
  • reference to, [119]
• Railroad, survey of route for, [46], [47]
• Rainville, Mr., [229]
• Raisins, purchase of, [88]
• Ramsey, Alexander, [36], [182];
  • treaty made by, [45];
  • council called by, [131], [132]
• Rations, character of, [85]–87, [109];
  • reference to, [95];
  • issuance of, to Indians, [181], [182]
• Real estate speculation, [50]
• Reconnoitering, [85]
• Red Bird, hostility of Indians under, [33], [34]
• Red Bird War, [214]
• “Red Head,” 108, [228]
• Red River carts, caravans of, [235], [236]
• Red River of the North, trading posts on, [4], [206];
  • reference to, [16], [49], [50], [103], [138], [151], [188], [205], [236];
  • difficulties with half-breeds from, [37]–40;
  • expeditions to, [38]–40, [162];
  • Lord Selkirk's colony on, [188]
• Red River Trail, [46]
• Red Wing (Chief), [92];
  • village of, [171], [172];
  • payment of annuities to Indians under, [185]
• Regulations for the Army, General, [84], [86]
• Renville, Daniel, [156]
• Renville, Joseph, [138], [191];
  • service of, as interpreter, [161]
• Renville, Rosalie, [156]
• Republicans, charges of graft made by, [51]
• Reveille, [84]
• Revival, success of, [156]
• Reynolds, Lieutenant, [86]
• Riggs, S. R., [144]
• Road to Fort Snelling, [73], [81]
• Robertson, Mr., work of, [155], [156]
• Robertson, Gustavus A., [156]
• Rock Island, building of fort on, [18];
  • garrison for fort on, [22];
  • reference to, [117]
• Rock River, hostility of Indians on, [12], [13]
• Rocky Mountains, [16]
• Roll call, [84], [85];
  • punishment for absence from, [90]
• Round Tower, Old, [72];
  • description of, [74]
• Routine duties, description of, [84], [85]
• Rum, [86];
  • evil effect of, [139]
• Rum River, [27], [101], [130];
  • battle on, [128]
• Runners, sending of, to Indian camps, [130]
• Rupel, J. B. F., [143]
• Ryerson, Private, purchases by, [88]

• Sabbath, respect of Indians for, [237]
• Sac Indians, hostility of, [13];
  • pursuit of, [35];
  • reference to, [205];
  • treaty with, [208]
• [Sac and Fox Indians], [35], [42], [177];
  • return of, to Iowa, [42]
• St. Anthony (Minnesota), real estate speculation at, [50]
• St. Croix River, trading posts on, [6];
  • cession of land at mouth of, [8];
  • reference to, [126], [172], [174], [175], [180], [207]
• St. Joseph's, [10]
• St. Lawrence River, [205]
• St. Louis, [4], [5], [11], [22], [48], [56], [58], [69], [72], [120], [159], [162], [169], [170], [172], [213], [228];
  • troops from, [34];
  • bringing of supplies from, [86]
• St. Paul, [36], [46], [71], [216], [236];
  • real estate speculation at, [50];
  • founding of, [195], [196];
  • relations between fort and, [196]–198
• St. Paul, Minneapolis and Manitoba Railroad Company, [235]
• St. Peter's, [170], [172], [173], [175], [206]
• St. Peter's agency, service of Taliaferro at, [68]–71
• St. Peter's River (see [Minnesota River])
• St. Vincent (Minnesota), [206]
• Salt, [86]
• Sandy Lake, trading post on, [6];
  • reference to, [114], [120], [180]
• Sanford, John F. A., Dred Scott bought by, [66]
• Santa Fe Trail, dangers on, [56]
• Sauk River, [133]
• Sault Ste. Marie, [119], [163]
• Saw mill, erection of, [27];
  • reference to, [82], [172]
• Saxton, Lieutenant, [46]
• Say, Thomas, [161], [162]
• Scalp dance, [123], [128], [131], [132]
• Scalps, taking of, [128]
• Scenery, description of, around Fort Snelling, [79], [80]
• School, organization of, [101]
• Schoolcraft, Henry R., statement by, [14];
  • reference to, [119], [130]
• Schools, success of, among Indians, [156]
• Scientific expeditions, [109]
• Scotland, [92];
  • immigrants from, [189]
• Scott, Dred, fugitive slave case of, [66]
• Scott, Martin, sketch of life of, [59]–62
• Scott, Winfield, naming of Fort Snelling suggested by, [29], [30];
  • reference to, [55]
• Scott vs. Sanford, [66]
• Scrub brush, purchase of, [88]
• Scurvy, ravages of, [26], [213]
• Second United States Infantry, [63]
• Secretary of War, [19], [103], [130], [149]
• Selkirk, Lord, colony of, [188], [189]
• Settlement, opening up country to, [184], [185]
• Settlements, protection for, [18]
• [Settlers], annoyance of, by Indians, [42], [43];
  • desire of, for land cession, [178];
  • service of Fort Snelling to, [187]–201;
  • disputes between Indians and, [191], [192];
  • memorial of, [192];
  • efforts to exclude from reservation, [192]–195;
  • ejection of, [195], [246]
• Seymour, Samuel, [161]
• Shakopee (Minnesota), [83]
• Shakpay, [83]
• Shambaugh, Benj. F., introduction by, v;
  • acknowledgments to, vii, ix
• Shapaydan, [83]
• Shaw, Mr., [22]
• Sherman, W. T., military career of, [63]
• Sheyenne River, [103], [138]
• Shields, James, [197]
• Shining Mountains, [3]
• Shipler, Jacob, [196]
• Shoemakers, [92]
• Shoes, purchase of, [88]
• Shot, stock of, [77]
• Sibley, General, [64]
• Sibley, Henry H., description by, [26], [27];
  • house of, [80];
  • hunting by, [96], [97];
  • reference to, [110], [145], [180], [213], [231], [239];
  • relations between officers of fort and, [139]
• Sibley House, [223]
• Sick, taking of, to hospital, [85]
• Sickness, prevalence of, among troops, [26], [213];
  • losses because of, [93];
  • help to Indians in case of, [111], [112]
• Sinclair, Mr., [245]
• [Sioux Indians], early traders among, [3];
  • land at mouth of Minnesota ceded by, [7], [8];
  • visits of, to Drummond Island, [13], [14];
  • goods sent to, [22];
  • treaty between Chippewas and, [28];
  • unfriendliness of, [33];
  • part of, in Black Hawk War, [35];
  • hostility between half-breeds and, [37];
  • reference to, [48], [98], [101], [151], [158], [171], [177], [178], [179], [180], [184], [198], [205], [229], [231], [242];
  • concentration of, [49]:
  • massacre by, [52], [83];
  • visit of, to Washington, [68];
  • villages of, [83];
  • home of, [103];
  • number of, [103], [104];
  • migrations of, to Canada, [106];
  • vaccination of, [112];
  • hostility of, [114];
  • disillusionment of, [115];
  • influence of Fort Snelling over, [116]–118;
  • rumor of attack by, [117];
  • feuds between Chippewas and, [119]–134;
  • killing of Chippewas by, [121], [125];
  • surrender of murderers by, [122], [125], [126];
  • battle between Chippewas and, [127], [128], [232];
  • boundary line between Chippewas and, [130], [131], [178];
  • imprisonment of, [132];
  • untrustworthiness of, [134];
  • temperance society among, [145];
  • farmer for, [155];
  • language of, [174];
  • delegation of, to Washington, [179];
  • treaty made by, [184], [247];
  • payment of annuities to, [185], [186];
  • amount of land ceded by, in 1805, [207]
• Sioux of the Lakes, treaty with, [208]
• Sioux of St. Peter's River, treaty with, [208]
• Sioux-Chippewa boundary line, [48]
• Sioux language, school books in, [156]
• Sisseton Sioux Indians, [113], [129], [228];
  • treaty with, [247]
• Sixth United States Infantry, company of, in Iowa, [44];
  • reference to, [48], [57], [63], [197];
  • frontier service of, [49]
• Skunk River, [42]
• Smallpox, efforts to check, [112]
• Smith, C. F., expedition under, [40];
  • site for fort recommended by, [49], [50]
• Smith, William R., [180]
• Smuggling of whiskey, [142], [143]
• Snelling, Josiah, building of fort by, [27], [28];
  • letter by, [28];
  • activities of, during Winnebago outbreak, [32]–34;
  • reference to, [55], [96], [100], [102], [117], [132], [142], [163], [190];
  • sketch of life of, [56]–59;
  • punishments inflicted by, [90];
  • description by, [113];
  • evil effects of liquor described by, [140], [141]
• Snelling, Mrs. Josiah, [100], [160]
• Snelling, William J., [102], [163]
• Soap, [86];
  • purchase of, [88]
• Social life, [99]–102
• Soiree, [101]
• Soldiers, building of fort by, [27];
  • surroundings of, at Fort Snelling, [73]–83;
  • life of, at Fort Snelling, [84]–102;
  • occupation of, [92];
  • birthplace of, [92];
  • journeys into Indian country enjoyed by, [93]–95;
  • employments of, [95], [96];
  • pleasures of, [96], [97];
  • carrying of mail by, [97], [98];
  • social life among, [100]–102;
  • quarrels among, [102];
  • dependence of missionaries on, [148];
  • revival among, [156];
  • church services for, [157];
  • expedition escorted by, [162], [163];
  • drunkenness among, [194];
  • arrival of, at Fort Snelling, [212];
  • ejection of settlers by, [246]
• Soup, character of, [86], [87]
• South Dakota, Indians in, [103]
• Southwest Company, [188]
• Spain, exploration of domain of, [1]
• Spanish, rule of, in West, [2], [3];
  • Indian trade won from, by English, [4]
• Speculators, desire of, for land cession, [178]
• Speeches, making of, by Indians, [181], [182]
• Split Upper Lip, [123]
• Spring, eagerness for coming of, [102];
  • activities of Indians in, [104], [105]
• Squad-rooms, [75]
• Squatters, huts of, [79]
  • (see [Settlers])
• Starch, purchase of, [88]
• Stairway, [73]
• Stanton, Edwin M., [64]
• Steamboating, beginning of, on upper Mississippi, [159], [160]
• Steamboats, use of, to bring supplies, [86];
  • mail carried by, [97];
  • reference to, [159], [199];
  • advertisements of, [169];
  • attitude of Indians toward, [239], [240]
• Steele, Franklin, Fort Snelling reservation sold to, [51], [52];
  • adjustment with, [52];
  • home of, [79];
  • account books of, [87]
• Steen, Mr., [43], [44]
• Stevens, Isaac I., survey of route for railroad by, [46];
  • reference to, [217]
• Stevens, Jedediah I., coming of, to Fort Snelling, [149];
  • work of, among Indians, [154];
  • preaching by, [157]
• Stillwater (Minnesota), [197]
• Stockade, erection of, [25];
  • reference to, [73], [136]
• Store, purchase of goods at, [87]–89
• Storehouse, [75]
• Storer, William, [131]
• Stoves, use of, for heating, [99]
• Stowe, Harriet Beecher, [62]
• Straits of Mackinac, [21]
• Street, Joseph M., [149], [231]
• Strong Earth, complaint of, [121];
  • career of, [180]
• Strong Ground, career of, [180]
• Sugar, [86];
  • purchase of, [88]
• Sugar bush, [105]
• Summer, activities of Indians during, [105]
• Sumner, Edwin V., expedition under, [38]
• Superintendent of Indian Affairs, [67], [71]
• Supplies, character of, [26];
  • bringing of, to Fort Snelling, [86];
  • amount of, furnished to Indians, [182]
• Supreme Court of United States, [66]
• Surveyors, destruction of landmarks of, [42]
• Suspenders, purchase of, [88]
• Sutler, home of, [79];
  • purchase of goods from, [87]–89;
  • service of Brown as, [190]
• Swan, [96]
• Swan River, [179]
• Switzerland, immigrants from, [172], [189]

• Taliaferro, Lawrence, [28], [35], [66], [72], [77], [78], [84], [89], [91], [98], [102], [103], [114], [116], [139], [140], [160], [167], [178], [179], [180], [184], [193], [221];
  • threat against, [33];
  • service of, as Indian agent, [68]–71;
  • letters and papers of, [69], [70];
  • speech by, [108];
  • suffering of Indians relieved by, [109], [110];
  • visit of Indians to, [111];
  • aid given to sick Indians by, [111], [112];
  • murderers demanded by, [113];
  • efforts of, to civilize Indians, [118];
  • difficulties of, with Sioux and Chippewas, [120]–134;
  • traders' licenses granted by, [137], [138];
  • disagreement between Bailly and, [138], [139];
  • liquor laws enforced by, [142]–144;
  • efforts of, to induce Indians to farm, [148]–150;
  • coöperation of, with missionaries, [149]–158;
  • wedding ceremony performed by, [191];
  • service of, as mediator, [191], [192]
• Tatling, results of, [102]
• Tattoo, [85]
• Taylor, Zachary, service of, at Fort Snelling, [59]
• Tea party, [197]
• Teamsters, employment of soldiers as, [96]
• Temperance societies, [143], [145]
• Tennessee, settlement of, [14];
  • reference to, [15]
• Tenth United States Infantry, expedition of companies of, [40];
  • reference to, [63], [64]
• Tepees, repairing of, [105]
• Teton Sioux Indians, treaty with, [208]
• Theatrical performances, [100]
• Thespian Players, [100]
• Third Artillery, [63]
• Third United States Infantry, [19], [21]
• Thomas, Sergeant, [223]
• Throckmorton, Captain, [169]
• Timber, destruction of, [42]
• Timber lands, opening up of, [185]
• Tintatonwan village, [83]
• Tippecanoe, Battle of, [56]
• Toopunkah Zeze, killing of, [123], [124], [231]
• Tourist traffic, extent of, [168], [169]
• Tourists, increase in number of, [198]
  • (see [Travelers])
• [Traders], activities of, [3], [4];
  • regulation of activities of, [135]–145;
  • granting of licenses to, [137], [138];
  • law suit begun by, [144];
  • opposition of, to farming, [150];
  • religious work among, [157], [158];
  • desire of, for treaty, [178], [179];
  • presence of, at council, [180];
  • speeches of Indians concerning, [181];
  • payment of debts to, [183], [184];
  • reference to, [187], [192];
  • location of, at Mendota, [188];
  • service of, [199]
• Trading companies, development of, [135];
  • profit of, [136]
• Trading house, [78], [79], [135]
• Trading houses, establishment of, [17];
  • protection for, [18];
  • cluster of, [80]
• Trading posts, location of, [6], [135], [136], [138];
  • permission for establishment of, [7];
  • reference to, [187], [188]
• Training camp, use of Fort Snelling as, [52], [53]
• [Travelers], visits of, to Fort Snelling, [159]–175
• Traverse des Sioux, treaty of, [49], [247]
• Treaties, making of, with Indians, [12], [13], [28], [47], [48], [176]–186, [208], [247];
  • making of, between tribes, [131], [132]
• Treaty of Ghent, terms of, [12], [18]
• Treaty of Paris (1783), [16]
• Trinkets, [136]
• Troops, proposed employment of, in mining, [25];
  • troubles of, during first winter, [25]–27;
  • ravages of scurvy among, [26];
  • new camp for, [27];
  • service of, in protection of frontier, [31]–53;
  • withdrawal of, from Fort Snelling, [52], [199]
  • (also see Soldiers)
• Truces, making of, between tribes, [131]
• Turkey River, removal of Winnebagoes from, [35], [36];
  • reference to, [47]
• Turner, F. J., [187]
• Tutor, service of Marsh as, [100], [101]