Dion, a kinsman of the elder Dionysius and tyrant of Syracuse (356-353); a devoted disciple of Plato at Syracuse and Athens, [i, 155].
Dionysius, the elder (430-367), tyrant of Syracuse (405-367), a typically cruel tyrant, suspicious and fearful, [ii, 25]; [iii, 45] (?); devoted to art and literature, himself a poet crowned with a prize at Athens.
Dionysius, the younger, son of the preceding and tyrant of Syracuse (367-356, 346-343); devoted to literature; Plato, Aristippus, Archytas, and others were brought to his court. Whether the Damon and Phintias story is to be connected with him or his father is uncertain, [iii, 45] (?).
Drusus, Marcus Livius, son of Gaius Gracchus's colleague in the tribuneship; an eloquent orator, [i, 108]; as tribune (91) he attempted to renew the social and agrarian legislation of Gracchus and was assassinated.
Duty, the most important subject in philosophy, [i, 4]; the most fruitful field, [iii, 5]; the philosophic sects and duty, [i, 4-6]; best presentation, [iii, 7]; classification, [i, 7-9]; order of importance, [i, 58], [152-160]; [iii, 90]; to those who have wronged us, [i, 33]; to an enemy, [i, 35-40]; [iii, 98-115]; to a slave, [i, 41]; [iii, 89]; toward the laws, [i, 148]; of generosity, [i, 42-60]; of Temperance-Propriety, [i, 100-151]; [iii, 116-121]; of Fortitude, [iii, 97-115]; to be prosperous, [ii, 87]; duties of youth, [i, 122]; [ii, 52]; of age, [i, 123]; of magistrates, [i, 124]; of statesmen, [i, 73-85]; of private citizens, [i, 124]; of aliens, [i, 125]; vs. claims of friendship, [iii, 43-44]; change of duty in change of circumstance, [i, 31], [59]; [iii, 32]; "mean" and "absolute" duty, [i, 8]; [iii, 14]; doubts as to, [i, 147].
Eloquence, at the bar, [ii, 66]; its decline, [ii, 67]; see [Oratory].
Ennius, Quintus (239-169), a Greek by birth, the father of Roman poetry, wrote an epic (the Annals), [i, 84]; tragedies, [i, 26], [51], [52]; [ii, 23], [62]; [iii, 62], [104]; comedies and satires.
Epaminondas, one of the greatest men of Greece, a student of Pythagorean philosophy, [i, 155]; the greatest general of Thebes, victorious at Leuctra (371), [i, 84]; humbled Sparta and made Thebes the leading city of Greece; fell at Mantinea (362).
Epicurus (342-270), founded at Athens the school that bears his name; author of 300 books, natural and ethical philosophy; held happiness to be the highest good; Cicero confuses his teaching here with that of Aristippus and the Cyrenaics; with the latter, happiness consists in individual pleasures; with Epicurus, it is permanent calm of soul and freedom from pain, with pure and lasting pleasures—the pleasures that come from a life of righteousness, [iii, 12], [117]; the gods existed but had nothing to do with human life, [iii, 102]; adopted the atomic theory. His own life was temperate even to abstinence; his followers went to excess. A very popular school, [iii, 116]; represented by Cicero as illogical, [iii, 39]; their theory of society, [i, 158].
Epigoni, the sons of the Seven against Thebes; under Alcmaeon, Diomedes, etc., they conquered and destroyed the city. Subject of a tragedy of Accius, [i, 114].