Speeches against Catilina

by Marcus Tullius Cicero

VOCABULARY.

Final i and o are long, if they are not marked. All other long single vowels are marked, unless they are followed by two consonants, in which case the syllable is necessarily long.

Perfects and supines of all verbs of the third conjugation are given. Under other verbs they are not given, unless they are irregular.

An asterisk (*) prefixed to a word indicates that the word itself is not found.

A
ā, ab, abs, prep. c. abl. from, by.
ab-dico (1), tr. reject;
abdico mē (c. abl.), resign.
ab-eo, -ii, -itum, -īre, intr. go away.
ab-horreo, -ui,——(2), intr. shrink from, differ from, am unconnected with, am inconsistent with.
ab-icio, -iēci, -iectum (3), tr. cast away, degrade, humble;
abiectus, -a, -um, downcast, disheartened, prostrated.
abs-condo, -di or -didi, -ditum (3), tr. hide, conceal.
absens, -ntis, absent.
absolūtio, -ōnis, f. acquittal.
ab-sum, āfui, abesse, intr. am away, am distant.
abundantia, -ae, f. plenty.
ab-ūtor, -ūsus sum (3), intr. c. abl. misuse, abuse.
ac, see atque.
ac-cēdo, -cessi, -cessum (3), intr. come, approach.
ac-celero (1), tr. or intr. hasten, make haste.
ac-cido, -cidi, —— (3), intr. happen.
ac-cipio, -cēpi, -ceptum (3), tr. receive.
ac-cūso (1), tr. reproach, blame.
ācer, ācris, ācre, sharp, keen, active, vigorous, violent, severe.
acerbē, adv. bitterly, violently.
acerbitās, -ātis, f. harshness, pain, affliction.
acerbus, -a, -um, bitter, violent.
acervus, -i, m. heap.
aciēs, -ēi, f. sharp edge, edge; line of battle, battle array.
acriter, adv. keenly, energetically;
compar. acrius.
ad, prep. c. acc. to, at, near, with, for, with respect to.
ad-cubo, ——, —— (1), intr. recline.
ad-dūco, -xi, -ctum (3), tr. bring, bring up, lead, induce, prevail upon.
adeo, adv. so far, so, even.
adeps, -ipis, c. fat;
plur. corpulence.
ad-fero, -tuli, -lātum, -ferre, tr. bring to, apply.
ad-ficio, -fēci, -fectum (3), tr. treat, honour, weaken, &c. (varied in meaning by the abl. that qualifies it).
adfīnis, -e, related, associated.
ad-flicto (1), tr. vex, distress.
ad-flīgo, -xi, -ctum (3), tr. strike down, cast down.
ad-grego (1), tr. gather together.
ad-hibeo (2), tr. apply, use.
adhūc, adv. hitherto.
ad-imo, -ēmi, -emptum (3), tr. take away.
ad-ipiscor, -eptus sum (3), tr. get, obtain.
aditus, -ūs, m. means of approaching, approach, access.
ad-iungo, -nxi, -nctum (3), tr. join, add, unite.
ad-iuvo, -iūvi, -iūtum (1), tr. help.
administer, -tri, m. assistant, helper.
ad-ministro (1), tr. manage, govern.
ad-mīror (1), tr. wonder at.
admonitus, -ūs, m. suggestion, request.
ad-nuo, -ui, -ūtum (3), intr. nod, assent.
adparātus, -a, -um, splendid, sumptuous.
ad-propinquo (1), intr. approach.
ad-quīro, -sīvi, -sītum (3), tr. get, gain.
ad-scisco, -scīvi, -scītum (3), tr. admit.
ad-sequor, -secūtus sum (3), tr. overtake, gain, obtain.
ad-servo (1), tr. keep safe.
ad-sideo, -sēdi, -sessum (2), intr. sit, sit down.
ad-suēfacio, -fēci, -factum (3), tr. accustom, habituate.
ad-sum, -fui, -esse, intr. am near, am at hand.
adulescens, -ntis, m. youth.
adulescentulus, -i, m. very young man, youth.
adulter, -eri, m. adulterer.
adultus, -a, -um, full-grown.
adventus, -ūs, m. coming, arrival.
ad-vesperascit, -āvit, ——, impers. (3), intr. evening approaches.
aedēs, -is, f. temple;
plur. house.
aedificium, -i, n. building, house.
aedifico (1), tr. build.
aeger, -gra, -grum, sick, ill.
aequē, adv. equally, in like manner;
aequē ac, just as.
aequitās, -ātis, f. justice.
aequus, -a, -um, level, equal, untroubled.
aerārium, -i, n. treasury.
aerārius, -a, -um, belonging to the treasury;
tribūni aerārii, paymasters.
aerumna, -ae, f. trouble, distress.
aes, aeris, n. copper, bronze; money;
plur. bronze tablets;
aes aliēnum, debt.
aestus, -ūs, m. heat.
aetās, -ātis, f. age.
aeternus, -a, -um, eternal, endless.
ager, -gri, m. territory; land.
agnosco (ad-gnosco), -gnōvi, -gnitum (3), tr. recognize.
ago, ēgi, actum (3), tr. drive, do, carry out;
intr. plead, speak.
agrārius, -a, -um, of the land, agrarian;
agrārii, -ōrum, m. plur. partisans of the agrarian laws.
agrestis, -e, of the country, of the fields;
agrestis, -is, m. countryman, peasant.
aio, ais, ait, defect. intr. say.
ālea, -ae, f. game of hazard, gambling.
āleātor, -ōris, m. gambler.
aliēnigena, -ae, foreign, alien.
aliēnus, -a, -um, strange, belonging to another;
aliēnus, -i, m. stranger.
aliquando, adv. at some time, now at length.
aliquanto, adv. somewhat, a little.
aliqui, -qua, -quod, indef. adj. some.
aliquis, -quid, indef. pron. some one, something.
aliquo, adv. to some place.
aliquot, indecl. adj. several, a number of.
alius, -a, -ud, other;
alii . . . alii, some ... others.
alo, -ui, -tum (3), tr. feed, nourish, cherish, maintain, support.
altāria, -ium, n. plur. altar.
alter, -era, -erum, the other, second;
alter . . . alter, the one ... the other.
altus, -a, -um, high, lofty.
āmentia, -ae, f. senselessness, madness.
amicio, -icui or -ixi, -ictum (3), tr. wrap, cover.
amīcitia, -ae, f. friendship.
amīcus, -a, -um, m. friend.
ā-mitto, -mīsi, -missum (3), tr. lose.
amo (1), tr. love;
amans, -ntis, loving, affectionate, devoted to (gen.).
amor, -ōris, m. love, passion.
amplector, -plexus sum (3), tr. embrace, include.
amplifico (1), tr. extend, enlarge.
amplitūdo, -inis, f. grandeur, distinction.
amplus, -a, -um, considerable, great, illustrious; handsome (of words or rewards);
neut. compar. amplius, noun, more; adv. further, besides.
an, conj. or, after utrum or -ne;
also used elliptically to ask a single question.
angulus, -i, m. corner.
anhelo (1), tr. or intr. breathe out, exhale; pant, gasp.
anima, -ae, f. breath, life.
animadversio, -ōnis, f. punishment, chastisement.
animadverto, -ti, -sum (3), tr. notice, observe;
intr. animadverto in, punish.
animus, -i, m. mind, heart, feeling;
plur. spirit, courage.
annus, -ī, m. year.
ante, adv. or prep. before.
anteā, adv. before, formerly.
antelūcānus, -a, -um, before light, lasting till daybreak.
ante-pōno, -posui, -positum (3), tr. prefer.
antequam, conj. before.
antīquus, -a, -um, ancient, old.
aperio, -ui, -tum (4), tr. open.
apertē, adv. openly.
appello (1), tr. speak to, address.
aptus, -a, -um, fit.
apud, prep. c. acc. near, with, among, at the house of.
aqua, -ae, f. water.
aquila, -ae, f. eagle.
āra, -ae, f. altar.
arbitror (1), tr. or intr. think.
arceo, -ui, -tum (2), tr. keep away, repel.
arcesso, -īvi, -ītum (3), tr. call, summon.
ardeo, arsi, arsum (2), intr. burn.
ardor, -ōris, m. fire, heat, brightness.
argenteus, -a, -um, of silver, silver.
argentum, -i, n. silver, silver plate.
argūmentum, -i, n. proof, evidence.
arma, -ōrum, n. plur. arms.
armātus, -a, -um, armed.
arx, arcis, f. citadel, stronghold.
ascendo (ad-scendo), -di, -sum (3), intr. mount, climb.
aspectus, -ūs, m. gaze, sight.
aspicio (ad-spicio), -spexi, -spectum (3), tr. look at.
assiduē, adv. constantly.
at, conj. but;
adv. yet.
atque or ac, conj. and, as.
atrōcitās, -ātis, f. savageness, cruelty.
atrox, -ōcis, horrible, hideous.
at-tendo, -di, -tum (3), tr. direct to;
sc. animum, give heed to.
at-tribuo, -ui, -ūtum (3), tr. assign, allot.
auctiōnārius, -a, -um, of an auction.
auctor,-ōris, m. originator, author, proposer, doer.
auctōritās, -ātis, f. influence, authority, bidding.
audācia, -ae, f. boldness, insolence, violence.
audax, -ācis, bold, violent.
audeo, ausus sum (2), tr. or intr. dare.
audio (4), tr. hear.
augeo, -xi, -ctum (2), tr. increase, enlarge.
auris, -is, f. ear.
auspicium, -i, n. augury.
aut, conj. or;
aut . . . aut, either ... or.
autem, conj. but.
auxilium, -i, n. help.
ā-verto, -ti, -sum (3), tr. turn away;
āversus ā, opposed to.
avus, -i, m. grandfather.
B
bacchor (1), intr. revel, run wanton.
barbaria, -ae, f. foreign country, barbarous country.
barbarus, -a, -um, foreign, barbarous.
barbātus, -a, -um, bearded.
beātus, -a, -um, blessed, happy, well-to-do.
bellum, -i, n. war.
bene, adv. well.
beneficium, -i, n. kindness, service.
benevolentia, -ae, f. good-will, affection.
benignitās, -ātis, f. kindness, favour.
bibo, bibi, —— (3), tr. drink.
bipertīto, adv. in two divisions.
bis, adv. twice.
bonus, -a, -um, good, honest, respectable;
bona, -ōrum, n. plur. property.
brevis, -e, short.
breviter, adv. shortly.
C
caedēs, -is, f. bloodshed, murder, massacre.
caelum, -i, n. heaven, sky.
calamitās, -ātis, f. disaster.
callidus, -a, -um, skilful, crafty.
campus, -i, m. plain (especially the Campus Martius).
cano, cecini, cantum (3), tr. or intr. sing, foretell.
canto (1), intr. sing.
capillus, -i, m. hair.
capio, cēpi, captum (3), tr. take, hold, make, form;
mente captus, -a, -um, weakened in sense, insane.
capitālis, -e, belonging to the head, capital, deadly.
caput, -itis, n. head; life, civil rights.
carcer, -eris, m. prison.
careo (2), intr. c. abl. am without, forgo.
cārus, -a, -um, dear.
castra, -ōrum, n. plur. camp.
castrensis, -e, of the camp.
cāsus, -ūs, m. chance.
causa, -ae, f. cause, reason, question; position;
causā (gen.), for the purpose of.
cēdo, cessi, cessum (3), intr. yield;
c. dat. yield to.
celebro (1), tr. throng, celebrate.
celeriter, adv. quickly.
cēna, -ae, f. dinner, supper.
censeo, -ui, -um (2), tr. judge, propose, vote.
centurio, -ōnis, m. centurion.
cerno, crēvi, crētum (3), tr. discern, perceive.
certāmen, -inis, n. contest.
certē, adv. certainly, assuredly.
certo (1), intr. contend, struggle, fight, rival.
certus, -a, -um, certain, sure, trustworthy;
certiōrem facio, inform.
cervix, -īcis, f. neck; usually plur. in prose.
cēteri, -ae, -a, the rest, all other.
cibus, -i, m. food.
cinis, -eris, m. ashes.
circum, adv. or prep., c. acc. around, about.
circum-clūdo, -si, -sum (3), tr. shut in, hem in.
circum-do, -dedi, -datum (1), tr. put round.
circumscriptor, -ōris, m. cheat.
circum-sedeo, -sēdi, -sessum (2), tr. surround.
circum-spicio, -exi, -ectum (3), tr. or intr. look round, look round on, give heed to.
circum-sto, -steti, —— (1), tr. or intr. stand round.
cīvīlis, -e, civil, political.
cīvis, -is, c. citizen.
cīvitās, -ātis, f. state.
clam, adv. secretly.
clāmo (1), intr. cry out.
clārus, -a, -um, bright, manifest, famous.
clēmens, -ntis, merciful.
clientēla, -ae, f. clientship (the relation of patron and dependent at Rome).
coepi, defect. (3), tr. or intr. began, have begun;
coeptus, -a, -um, begun.
coeptus, -ūs, m. attempt.
co-erceo (2), tr. check, restrain, repress.
coetus, -ūs, m. assemblage, company.
cōgitātio, -ōnis, f. thought, intent.
cōgito (1), tr. reflect upon, meditate, design.
cognitor, -ōris, m. advocate.
co-gnosco, -gnōvi, -gnitum (3), tr. learn, recognize, know.
cōgo (co-ago), coēgi, coactum (3), tr. call together, collect, compel.
cohors, -rtis, f. cohort (one tenth of a legion).
collēga, -ae, m. colleague.
col-ligo, -lēgi, -lectum (3), tr. bring together, collect.
col-loco, see con-loco.
colōnia, -ae, f. settlement, colony.
colōnus, -i, m. settler, colonist.
color, -ōris, m. colour.
comes, -itis, c. companion.
cōmissātīo, -ōnis, f. revelling.
comitātus, -ūs, m. retinue.
comitium, -i, n. comitium (place for voting by the north-east extremity of the Forum);
plur. assembly, elections.
comitor (1), tr. accompany;
comitātus, -a, -um, also in pass. sense from comito.
com-memoro (1), tr. mention, relate, declare.
commendatio, -onis, f. recommendation.
com-mendo (1), tr. entrust.
com-mitto, -mīsi, -missum (3), tr. bring together, begin, engage in; practise, perpetrate, entrust;
committo ut, bring about that, so act that.
com-moveo, -mōvi, -mōtum (2), tr. move, stir, trouble, alarm.
commūnis, -e, common, general.
com-mūto (1), change, alter.
com-paro (1), tr. get together, procure, acquire, contrive.
com-pello, -puli, -pulsum (3), tr. drive.
com-perio, -peri, -pertum (4), tr. discover, ascertain.
competītor, -ōris, m. rival, competitor.
complector, -plexus sum (3), tr. embrace.
complexus, -ūs, m. embrace.
complūrēs, -a or -ia, several, many.
com-prehendo, -di, -sum (3), tr. lay hold of, arrest, detect.
com-primo, -pressi, -pressum (3), tr. crush.
cōnātus, -ūs, m. attempt.
con-cēdo, -cessi, -cessum (3), tr. or intr. grant, yield, retire.
con-cido, -cidi, —— (3), intr. fall, fail, collapse.
con-cipio, -cēpi, -ceptum (3), tr. take in, imagine, conceive.
con-cito (1), tr. excite, arouse, stir up.
concordia, -ae, f. harmony, union, unanimity.
con-cupisco, -īvi, -ītum (3), tr. covet, strive after.
con-curso (1), intr. hurry about, run to and fro.
concursus, -ūs, m. gathering.
con-demno (1), tr. convict (acc. and gen.), condemn.
condicio, -ōnis, f. agreement, terms, lot, task, position, circumstances.
con-do, -didi, -ditum (3), tr. found, build, store.
con-fercio, ——, -tum (4), tr. fill full, stuff, cram.
con-fero, -tuli, -lātum, -ferre, tr. bring together, contribute,
compare, direct, put off;
with reflex. pronoun, betake myself.
confessio, -ōnis, f. confession.
confestim, adv. immediately.
con-ficio, -fēci, -fectum (3), tr. finish, carry out, wear out.
con-fīdo, -fīsus sum (3), intr. c. dat. trust, rely on;
c. infin. am confident that.
con-firmo (1), tr. strengthen, increase; declare.
con-fiteor, -fessus sum (2), tr. or intr. confess, admit.
con-flagro (1), intr. burn, am consumed.
con-flīgo, -xi, -ctum (3), intr. come into conflict, am opposed.
con-flo (1), tr. blow together, fuse; stir up, cause.
con-fringo, -frēgi, -fractum (3), tr. break up, bring to naught.
con-grego (1), tr. herd together, assemble.
con-icio, -iēci, -iectum (3), tr. cast, hurl, aim, drive.
coniectūra, -ae, f. inference.
coniunctio, -ōnis, f. union.
con-iungo, -nxi, -nctum (3), tr. join, unite, connect.
coniunx, -ugis, c. husband, wife.
coniūrātio, -ōnis, f. conspiracy.
coniūrātor, -ōris, m. conspirator.
coniūrātus, -i, m. conspirator.
co-nīveo, ——, —— (2), intr. wink, connive.
con-loco or col-loco (1), tr. set up, place, pitch.
cōnor (1), tr. or intr. try, attempt.
con-rōboro (1), tr. strengthen.
conscelerātus, -a, -um, wicked, criminal.
conscientia, -ae, f. knowledge, consciousness, knowledge of guilt, conscience.
con-scrībo, -psi, -ptum (3), tr. enroll.
con-secro (1), make sacred, consecrate.
consensio, -ōnis, f. unanimity.
con-sentio, -sensi, -sensum (4), intr. agree, unite.
con-sequor, -secūtus sum (3), tr. follow up, follow, catch up, attain to, learn.
con-servo (1), tr. keep safe, save.
consilium, -i, n. deliberation, purpose, intention; plan, wisdom; council.
con-sōlor (1), tr. console.
conspectus, -ūs, m. sight.
con-spicio, -spexi, -spectum (3), tr. observe, look at, look upon.
conspīrātio, -ōnis f. agreement, concord.
constanter, adv. steadily, consistently.
constantia, -ae, f. firmness, steadfastness.
con-stituo, -ui, -ūtum (3), tr. set, settle, appoint, ordain, establish, found.
con-sto, -stiti, -stātum (1), intr. am consistent, last;
con-stat, impers. it is agreed, it is well known.
con-stringo, -nxi, -ctum (3), tr. bind together, bind.
consuētūdo, -inis, f. custom, habit.
consul, -ulis, m. consul (the title of the two highest magistrates of the Roman state, elected annually).
consulāris, -e, of a consul, consular;
consulāris, -is, m. ex-consul, one of consular rank.
consulātus, -ūs, m. consulship.
consulo, -ui, -tum (3), tr. consult;
intr. c. dat. provide for.
consultum, -i, n. decree, resolution.
con-sūmo, -mpsi, -mptūm (3), tr. use up, waste, spend.
con-tāmino (1), tr. defile, pollute.
con-temno, -tempsi, -temptum (3), tr. despise.
con-tendo, -di, -tum (3), tr. compare, contrast.
contentio, -ōnis, f. struggle, rivalry.
contentus, -a, -um, contented.
con-ticesco, -ticui, —— (3), intr. become silent.
con-tineo, -tinui, -tentum (2), tr. contain, retain, enclose, repress, keep to myself.
con-tingo, -tigi, -tactum (3), tr. or intr. touch, reach; befall, happen.
contio, -ōnis, f. meeting (summoned by a magistrate), speech.
contionātor, -ōris, m. haranguer, demagogue.
contrā, prep. c. acc. against;
adv. opposite, otherwise;
contrā atque, otherwise than.
con-traho, -xi, -ctum (3), tr. draw together, cause, incur.
contrōversia, -ae, f. dispute, question.
contumēlia, -ae, f. insult.
con-venio, -vēni, -ventum (4), intr. come together, meet;
con-venit, impers. it is fitting.
conventus, -ūs, m. meeting.
con-verto, -ti, -sum (3), tr. turn, turn back, direct.
con-vinco, -vīci, -victum (3), tr. refute, convict.
convīvium, -i, n. feast, banquet.
con-voco (1), tr. call together, assemble.
cōpia, -ae, f. plenty, abundance;
plur. resources, troops.
cōpiōsus, -a, -um, plentiful, well supplied.
corpus, -oris, n. body.
cor-rigo, -rexi, -rectum (3), tr. correct, amend.
cor-rumpo, -rūpi, -ruptum (3), tr. ruin, seduce;
corruptus, -i, m. scoundrel.
cor-ruo, -ui, —— (3), intr. fall together, fall.
corruptēla, -ae, f. corruption, seduction.

corruptor, -ōris, m. seducer, corruptor.
cotīdiānus, -a, -um, daily.
cotīdiē, adv. daily.
crēdo, -didi, -ditum (3), tr. entrust;
intr. c. dat. believe.
cresco, crēvi, crētum (3), tr. grow, increase, am enlarged.
cruciātus, -ūs, m. torture.
crūdēlis, -e, cruel.
crūdēlitās, -ātis, f. cruelty.
crūdēliter, adv. cruelly;
compar. crūdēlius.
cruentus, -a, -um, bloody.
cubīle, -is, n. bed.
culpa, -ae, f. fault.
cum, conj. when, since.
cum, prep. c. abl. together with, with.
cumulo (1), tr. heap up, aggravate.
cunctus, -a, -um, all.
cupiditās, -ātis, f. desire, passion.
cupio, -īvi, -ītum (3), tr. desire, wish.
cūr, adv. why.
cūra, -ae, f. care, anxiety, task.
cūria, -ae, f. senate-house.
cūro (1), tr. or intr. care for, attend to, take measures.
currus, -ūs, m. chariot.
cursus, -ūs, m. course, path.
custōdia, -ae, f. watch, guard, imprisonment;
sentinel (usually in plur.).
custōdio (4), tr. guard.
custōs, -ōdis, c. guardian, guard.
D
damno (1), tr. condemn.
dē, prep. c. abl. down from, from, concerning.
dēbeo (2), tr. owe;
followed by infin. am bound to, must, ought.
dēbilis, -e, weak.
dēbilito (1), weaken, unnerve.
dē-cēdo, -cessi, -cessum (3), intr. withdraw.
decem, indecl. adj. ten.
dē-cerno, -crēvi, -crētum (3), tr. or intr. determine, decree, resolve.
decimus, -a, -um, tenth.
declīnātio, -ōnis, f. bending aside, avoidance, escape.
dēcoctor, -ōris, m. bankrupt.
dēdecus, -oris, n. disgrace.
dē-dūco, -xi, -ctum (3), tr. bring down, bring, lead away, conduct.
dē-fatīgo (1), tr. tire out.
dē-fendo, -di, -sum (3), tr. protect, guard, defend.
dē-fero, -tuli, -lātum, -ferre, tr. bring down, report.
dē-ficio, -fēci, -fectum (3), tr. or intr. desert, fail; revolt from, rebel against.
dē-fīgo, -xi, -xum (3), tr. drive, plunge.
dē-flagro (1), tr. or intr. turn down, destroy utterly; am consumed.
dē-icio, -iēci, -iectum (3), tr. throw aside, cast down, force away.
deinde, adv. next, then;
after prīmum, secondly.
dēlecto (1), tr. please, delight.
dēleo, -ēvi, -ētum (2), tr. destroy, annihilate.
dēlicātus, -a, -um, luxurious, effeminate.
dē-ligo, -lēgi, -lectum (3), tr. choose.
dē-lubrum, -i, n. shrine.
dēmens, -ntis, mad, maddened, distracted.
dēmenter, adv. insanely.
dēmentia, -ae, f. madness, insanity.
dē-migro (1), intr. depart, remove.
dē-minuo, -ui, -ūtum (3), tr. lessen, abate.
dēminūtio, -ōnis, f. decrease, loss.
dē-monstro (1), tr. point out.
dēmum, adv. at last.
dēnique, adv. at last, at length.
dē-nuntio (1), tr. give notice of.
dē-pello, -puli, -pulsum (3), tr. drive down, drive away, remove, overthrow.
dē-pendo, -di, -sum (3), tr. pay.
dē-plōro (1), tr. lament.
dē-pōno, -posui, -positum (3), tr. lay aside, put away.
dē-posco, -poposci, —— (3), tr. demand.
dē-prāvo (1), tr. pervert, lead astray.
dē-precor (1), tr. avert by prayer, avert.
dē-prehendo, -di, -sum (3), tr. catch, find out, detect.
dē-relinquo, -līqui, -lictum (3), tr. abandon, desert.
dē-scrībo, -psi, -ptum (3), tr. copy off, arrange, map out.
dē-sero, -serui, -sertum (3), tr. desert, abandon.
dē-sīderium, -i, n. want, longing.
dēsīdero (1), tr. long for, miss.
dē-signo (1), tr. note, appoint;
dēsignātus, -a, -um, elected, elect (especially of a consul).
dē-sino, -sii, -situm (3), tr. or intr. stop, cease.
dē-sisto, -stiti, -stitum (3), intr. cease.
despērātio, -ōnis, f. despair.
dē-spēro (1), tr. or intr. despair of, give up hope;
despērātus, -a, -um, desperate.
dē-stringo, -nxi, -ctum (3), tr. strip, unsheathe, draw.
dē-sum, -fui, -esse, intr. c. dat. am wanting to, fail.
dē-testor (1), tr. avert by entreaty.
dē-traho, -xi, -ctum (3), tr. withdraw, take away.
detrīmentum, -i, n. damage, hurt.
deus, -i, m. god.
dē-voveo, -vōvi, -vōtum (2), tr. vow.
dextera or dextra, -ae, f. right-hand.
dīco, -xi, -ctum (3), tr. or intr. say, speak.
dictātor, -ōris, m. dictator.
dictātūra, -ae, f. dictatorship.
dictito (1), tr. keep saying, repeat.
diēs, -ēi, c. (m. in plur.) day, period;
in diēs, day by day, as days pass.
difficilis, -e, difficult.
difficultās, -ātis, f. difficulty, distress, distressed circumstances.
dignitās, -ātis, f. worthiness, honour, authority.
dignus, -a, -um, worthy, deserving.
dī-iūdico (1), tr. decide, determine.
dīlectus, -ūs, m. choice, levy.
dīligens, -ntis, careful, active.
dīligenter, adv. carefully, earnestly.
dīligentia, -ae, f. care, energy.
dī-lūcescit, -luxit, —— (3), impers. intr. it dawns.
dīmicātio, ōnis, f. fighting.
dī-mico (1) intr. fight, struggle.
dī-mitto, -mīsi, -missum (3), tr. send away.
dīreptio, -ōnis, f. plundering.
dīreptor, m. plunderer.
dī-ripio, -ripui, -reptum (3), tr. plunder.
dis-cēdo, -cessi, -cessum (3), intr. depart.
dis-cerno, -crēvi, -cretum (3), tr. divide.
discessus, -ūs, m. departure.
disciplīna, -ae, f. teaching, training, practice.
disco, didici, —— (3), tr. learn.
di-scrībo, -psi, -ptum (3), tr. distribute, assign.
discrīmen, -inis, n. danger.
dis-pertio (4), tr. distribute.
dis-sēmino (1), tr. spread.
dissensio, -ōnis, f. discord, disagreement.
dis-sentio, -si, -sum (4), intr. disagree, differ.
dissimilis, -e, unlike.
dis-simulo (1), tr. or intr. hide, disguise, dissemble.
dis-solvo, -solvi, -solūtum (3), tr. unloose, release, disunite;
dissolūtus, -a, -um, remiss, negligent.
dis-tribuo, -ui, -ūtum (3), tr. divide, distribute.
diū, adv. for a long time, long.
dī-vello, -velli, -vulsum (3), tr. tear, separate.
dīversus, -a, -um, other, different.
dīvīnitus, adv. by divine influence, from heaven.
do, dedi, datum (1), tr. give, deliver, write (a letter).
dolor, -ōris, m. sorrow, grief, pang.
domesticus, -a, -um, belonging to a home, family, private; intestine, civil (war).
domicilium, -i, n. dwelling, home.
dominātio, -ōnis, f. tyranny, despotism.
domus, -ūs, f. house;
loc. domi, at home;
domi meae, at my house;
domum, home.
dormio (4), intr. sleep.
dubitātio, -ōnis, f. doubt.
dubito (1), intr. doubt, hesitate.
dubius, -a, -um, doubtful;
sine dubio, without doubt.
dūco, -xi, -ctum (3), tr. lead, carry off, think, consider.
dūdum, adv. see iam dūdum.
duint, older form of pres. subj. of do.
dulcis, -e, sweet.
dum, conj. while, until, provided that.
dummodō, conj. provided that, if only.
duō, -ae, -ō, two.
duodecimus, -a, -um, twelfth.
dux, ducis, c. leader.
E
ē or ex, prep. c. abl. from, out of, in accordance with.
ebriōsus, -a, -um, given to drinking, drunkard.
ecquis, ecquid, interrog. pron. any one? anything?
ecquid, in any way? (used as an interrog. particle).
ēdictum, -i, n. edict, proclamation.
ē-do, -didi, -ditum (3), tr. put forth, set forth, declare.
ē-doceo, -ui, -tum (2), tr. inform.
ē-duco, -xi, -ctum (3), tr. lead out, draw.
ef-fero, extuli, ēlātum, efferre, tr. bring out, carry out, raise.
effrēnātus, -a, -um, unbridled.
ef-fugio, -fūgi, —— (3), tr. or intr. flee from, escape, shun, flee away.
egeo, -ui, —— (2), intr. am needy.
egestās, -ātis, f. poverty.
egō, mei, I.
ē-gredior, -gressus sum (3), intr. go out.
egregius, -a, -um, excellent, eminent, great.
ē-icio, -iēci, -iectum (3), tr. drive out, wreck.
ē-lābor, -lapsus sum (3), intr. slip away, drop.
ē-lūdo, -si, -sum (3), tr. jeer, make sport of;
intr. cease to play, have full play.
ē-mergo, -si, -sum (3), intr. come up, get clear.
ē-mitto, -mīsi, -missum (3), tr. send out, allow to escape.
ē-morior, -mortuus sum (3), intr. die.
enim, conj. for.
eo, adv. to that place.
eo, ii, itum, īre, intr. go.
eōdem, adv. to the same place.
eques, -itis, m. horseman; one of the order called Equites.
equitātus, -ūs, m. cavalry.
ergā, prep. c. acc. towards.
ergo, adv. accordingly, therefore, then.
ē-ripio, -ripui, -reptum (3), tr. snatch away, take away.
erro (1), intr. wander, mistake, am wrong.
ē-ructo (1), tr. vomit forth.
ē-rumpo, -rūpi, -ruptum (3), tr. or intr. burst asunder; break forth, rush out.
et, conj. and;
et . . . et, both ... and.
etenim, conj. and indeed, for indeed, truly, yet.
etiam, conj. or adv. also, even, even yet, still.
etsi, conj. although.
ē-vādo, -si, -sum (3), intr. get away, escape.
ē-verto, -ti, -sum (3), tr. overthrow.
ē-vocātor, -ōris, m. one who calls to arms, instigator.
ē-vomo, -ui, -itum (3), tr. vomit forth.
ex, see ē.
ex-aggero (1), tr. heap up, magnify.
ex-animo (1), tr. deprive of life, deprive of sense
ex-animātus, -a, -um, dead, fainting.
ex-audio (4), tr. hear.
ex-cēdo, -cessi, -cessum (3), intr. retire, withdraw.
excelsus, -a, -um, lofty, high;
excelsum, -i, n. height.
ex-cido, -cidi, —— (3), intr. fall out, fall down.
ex-cipio, -cēpi, -ceptum (3), tr. except, make exception of; catch, intercept.
ex-cito (1), tr. summon forth, stir up, arouse.
ex-clūdo, -si, -sum (3), tr. shut out.
excursio, -ōnis, f. sally, attack.
ex-eo, -ii, -itum, -īre, intr. go out.
ex-erceo (2), tr. practise.
exercitātio, -ōnis, f. practice.
exercitus, -ūs, m. army.
ex-haurio, -si, -stum (4), tr. empty out, remove.
ex-igo, -ēgi, -actum (3), tr. drive out, finish.
exilium, -i, n. exile, banishment.
eximius, -a, -um, extraordinary, signal.
ex-istimo (1), tr. judge, suppose, think.
exitiōsus, -a, -um, destruction, deadly.
exitium, -i, n. ruin, overthrow.
exitus, -ūs, m. end.
ex-pello, -puli, -pulsum (3), tr. drive out.
ex-pōno, -posui, -positum (3), tr. set forth, explain.
ex-prōmo, -mpsi, -mptum (3), tr. show forth, display, expend.
ex-sisto, -stiti, -stitum (3), intr. appear, am manifest, exist.
ex-solvo, -solvi, -solūtum (3), tr. free, release.
exspectātio, -ōnis, f. expectation, anticipation.
ex-specto (1), tr. await, wait for, expect.
ex-stinguo, -nxi, -nctum (3), tr. quench, put out.
exsul or exul, -ulis, m. exile.
ex-sulto (1), intr. leap about, exult, revel.
ex-termino (1), tr. banish.
externus, -a, -um, foreign.
exterus, -a, -um, foreign.
ex-torqueo, -si, -tum (2), tr. wrest away, force away.
extrā, prep. c. acc. outside.
extrēmus, -a, -um, last;
ad extrēmum, at last.
F
facile, adv. easily.
facinorōsus, -a, -um, criminal, vicious.
facinus, -oris, n. deed, crime, outrage.
facio, fēci, factum (3), tr. do, make, bring about, perform; hold (games).
factum, -i, n. deed, act.
facultās, -ātis, f. opportunity.
falcārius, -i, m. scythe-maker.
fallo, fefelli, falsum (3), tr. deceive, disappoint, escape notice of.
falsus, -a, -um, false, misdirected.
fāma, -ae, f. report, reputation, fame, character.
famēs, -is f. hunger.
familia, -ae or -ās f. household (of slaves), establishment;
pater or māter familias, master or mistress of a house.
familiārissimē, adv. most intimately, on most intimate terms.
fānum, -i, n. sanctuary.
fascis, -is, m. bundle;
plur. fascēs, the bundles of rods enclosing an axe, carried before the highest magistrates.
fātālis, -e, destined, fated.
fateor, fassus sum (2), tr. or intr. admit, allow.
fātum, -i, n. fate, oracle.
faucēs, -ium, f. plur. throat, jaws, entrance.
fax, facis, f. torch, firebrand; meteor.
febris, -ia, f. fever.
fero, tuli, lātum, ferre, tr. lead, carry, get, bear; report, celebrate;
sententiam fero, vote.
ferramentum, -i, n. steel implement.
ferreus, -a, -um, of iron; of iron nature.
ferrum, -i, n. iron, sword.
fidēlis, -e, faithful, loyal.
fidēs, -ei, belief, faith, credit; honesty; assurance, engagement.
fīgo, -xi, -xum (3), tr. fix.
fīlia, -ae, f. daughter.
fīlius, -i, m. son.
fingo, -nxi, -ctum (3), tr. imagine, devise.
fīnis, -is, m. end, limit;
plur. territory.
fīo, factus sum, fieri, intr. happen, become, am done, am made.
firmo (1), tr. strengthen.
firmus, -a, -um, strong.
flāgitiōsissimē, adv. most shamefully, most infamously.
flāgitiōsus, -a, -um, infamous, dissolute.
flāgitium, -i, n. shameful deed.
flāgito, (1) tr. demand earnestly, importune for.
flamma, -ae, f. flame.
flecto, flexi, flexum (3), tr. bend, turn aside.
flōreo, -ui, —— (2), intr. flourish, am prosperous, am powerful.
flōs, -ōris, m. flower.
focus, -i, m. hearth.
foedus, -eris, n. treaty, compact.
foedus, -a, -um, hideous, shameful.
foras, adv. out of doors (with verbs of motion).
foris, adv. out of doors (with verbs of rest).
formīdo, -inis, f. fear, dread.
fors, -rtis, f. chance;
forte, by chance.
fortasse, adv. perhaps.
fortis, -e, brave, strong.
fortiter, adv. bravely.
fortītūdo, -inis, f. courage, firmness.
fortūna, -ae, f. fortune;
plur. property, possessions, estates.
fortūnātus, -a, -um, fortunate, happy.
forum, -i, n. market, meeting-place for business; especially the Forum Romanum.
frango, frēgi, fractum (3), tr. break.
fraudātio, -ōnis, f. deceit, fraud.
frequens, -ntis, crowded, in great numbers.
frequentia, -ae, f. numerous assembly, crowd, throng.
frequento (1), tr. bring in crowds.
frētus, -a, -um, relying on.
frīgus, -oris, n. cold.
frons, -ntis, f. brow, forehead.
fructus, -ūs, m. enjoyment, produce.
fruor, fructus sum, intr. c. abl. enjoy.
fuga, -ae, f. banishment.
fugio, fūgi, fugitum (3), intr. flee, take flight.
fugitīvus, -i, m. runaway slave.
fulgeo, -si, —— (2), intr. shine, am bright.
fulmen, -inis, n. lightning, thunderbolt.
fundāmentum, -i, n. foundation.
fundo (1), tr. found.
funestus, -a, -um, deadly, fatal.
fungor, functus sum (3), intr. c. abl. perform.
furiōsus, -a, -um, mad.
furo, -ui, —— (3), intr. am mad.
furor, -ōris, m. madness.
furtim, adv. stealthily.
furtum, -i, n. theft.
G
gāneo, -ōnis, m. glutton, debauchee.
gaudium, -i, n. delight.
gelidus, -a, -um, cold.
gener, -eri, m. son-in-law.
gens, -ntis, f. clan, race, people.
genus, -eris, n. class, kind.
gero, gessi, gestum (3), tr. bear, carry on, administer;
rēs gestae, exploits.
gladiātor, -ōris, m. gladiator.
gladiātōrius, -a, -um, of gladiators.
gladius, -i, m. sword.
glōria, -ae, f. glory, fame.
gradus, -ūs, m. step, degree.
grātia, -ae, f. favour, thanks, gratitude;
grātiās ago, give thanks, pass a vote of thanks;
refero grātiam, show gratitude;
grātiam habeo, feel gratitude.
grātulātio, -ōnis, f. congratulation.
grātus, -a, -um, pleasing, welcome.
gravis, -e, heavy, weighty, authentic, severe.
graviter, adv. violently.
grex, gregis, m. flock, band.
gubernātio, -ōnis, f. steering, direction.
H
habeo (2), tr. have, hold, assemble, set on foot, render;
pass. am considered.
habito (1), intr. live.
haereo, -si, -sum (2), intr. cleave, cling, am fixed.
haesito (1), intr. am in doubt, am at a loss.
haruspex, -icis, m. soothsayer, diviner (who foretold future events by the inspection of the entrails of victims).
hebesco, ——, —— (3), intr. grow dull.
hercule or me hercule, interj. by Hercules.
hesternus, -a, -um, of yesterday.
hic, haec, hōc, this.
hīc, adv. here, thereupon, then.
hīce, haece, hōce, strengthened form of hic.
hiems, -emis, f. winter.
hinc, adv. hence, for this reason;
hinc . . . illinc, on this side ... on that.
hodiernus, -a, -um, of to-day, present.
homo, -inis, c. human being, man.
honestās, -ātis, f. honour, high character.
honestē, adv. honourably.
honesto (1), tr. honour, grace.
honestus, -a, -um, honourable.
honor, -ōris, m. honour, sacrifice, office.
hōra, -ae, f. hour.
horribilis, -e, terrible, dreadful.
hortor (1), tr. urge, advise.
hospitium, -i, n. mutual friendship.
hostis, -is, c. enemy.
hūc, adv. hither, to this point.
hūmānitās, -ātis, f. kindly feeling.
hūmānus, -a, -um, human.
humus, -i, f. ground;
locat. humi, on the ground.
I
iaceo (2), intr. lie, lie helpless.
iacio, iēci, iactum (3), tr. cast, utter, bruit about.
iacto (1), tr. toss, hurl, vaunt;
with reflex, pron. speak boastfully, make boast.
iactus, -ūs, m. hurling, casting.
iam, adv. just now, already, by this time;
iam dūdum, long since.
idcirco, adv. for that reason.
īdem, eadem, idem, same.
igitur, conj. therefore, accordingly.
ignāvia, -ae, f. cowardice.
ignis, -is, m. fire.
ignōminia,

-ae, f. infamy, disgrace.
ignōro (1), tr. or intr. am ignorant of, am ignorant.
ignōtus, -a, -um, unknown.
ille, -a, -ud, that; he, she, it.
imāgo, -inis, f. image, likeness.
imberbis, -e, beardless.
immānis, -e, monstrous.
immānitās, -ātis, f. enormity, heinousness.
immātūrus, -a, -um, untimely, premature.
immineo, ——, —— (2), intr. hang over, threaten.
immo, adv. on the contrary, nay.
immortālis, -e, immortal.
impedio (4), tr. hinder, prevent.
im-pello, -puli, -pulsum (3), tr. drive on, incite.
im-pendeo, ——, —— (2), intr. c. dat. hang over, threaten.
imperātor, -ōris, m. commander, general.
imperītus, -a, -um, inexperienced, ignorant.
imperium, -ī, n. command, sovereignty, dominion; military power, command in chief.
impero (1), tr. or intr. c. dat. order, enjoin, command.
im-pertior (4), tr. bestow.
impetro (1), tr. get, obtain (by request).
impetus, -ūs, m. assault, attack.
impius, -a, -um, impious, wicked.
im-plōro (1), tr. entreat, supplicate.
importūnus, -a, -um, unsuitable, unnatural, dangerous.
improbitās, -ātis, f. wickedness, depravity, recklessness.
improbus, -a, -um, persistent, violent, reckless.
impūbēs, -eris or -is, youthful.
impudens, -ntis, shameless.
impudenter, adv. shamelessly, with assurance.
impudentia, -ae, f. shamelessness, assurance.
impudīcus, -a, -um, shameless, immodest.
impūnītus, -a, -um, unpunished.
impūrus, -a, -um, unclean.
in, prep. c. acc. into, to, against, for;
c. abl. in, on.
inānis, -e, empty.
in-auro (1), tr. gild.
incendium, -i, n. fire, conflagration, burning.
in-cendo, -di, -sum (3), tr. set on fire, burn.
incensio, -ōnis, f. burning.
incertus, -a, -um, uncertain.
in-cīdo, -di, -sum (3), tr. cut.
in-cido, -cidi, -cāsum (3), intr. fall.
in-cipio, -cēpi, -ceptum (3), tr. or intr. begin.
in-clīno (1), tr. or intr. bend, incline; am disposed.
in-clūdo, -si, -sum (3), tr. shut in, lock up, confine.
incolumis, -e, safe, uninjured, still alive.
incrēdibilis, -e, incredible.
in-crepo, -ui, -itum (1), intr. sound, make a noise, am noised abroad.
in-cumbo, -cubui, -cubitum (3), intr. c. dat. lean on, press on;
incumbo ad, devote myself to, exert myself for.
indemnātus, -a, -um, uncondemned.
index, -icis, c. informer.
indicium, -i, n. information, proof.
in-dico (1), tr. declare, disclose, reveal, betray.
in-dīco, -xi, -ctum (3), tr. proclaim, make (war).
in-dūco, -xi, -ctum (3), tr. bring in, introduce, persuade;
animum indūco, resolve, determine.
industria, -ae, f. activity, energy.
in-eo, -ii, -itum, -īre, tr. enter on, adopt.
iners, -rtis, inactive, indolent.
inertia, -ae, f. inactivity, remissness.
infāmis, -e, disreputable.
inferi, -ōrum, m. plur. the dead.
in-fero, -tuli, -lātum, -ferre, tr. put on, lay on, set, inflict.
infestus, -a, -um, dangerous, hostile, deadly.
infimus, -a, -um, lowest, meanest.
infīnītus, -a, -um, without limit, boundless, interminable.
infirmus, -a, -um, powerless.
infitiātor, -ōris, m. defaulter.
infitior (1), tr. or intr. deny.
in-flammo (1), tr. set on fire, inflame.
ingenium, -i, n. nature, ability.
ingens, -ntis, huge, vast.
ingenuus, -a, -um, free-born.
in-gravesco, ——, —— (3), intr. grow heavier, become worse.
in-gredior, -gressus sum (3), tr. or intr. enter, enter upon, go on to, engage in.
in-hio (1), intr. c. dat. open the mouth for.
inhūmānus, -a, -um, savage, unfeeling.
in-icio, -iēci, -iectum (3), tr. throw on, cause, occasion.
inimīcitia, -ae, f. enmity.
inimīcus, -a, -um, unfriendly, hostile;
inimīcus, -i, m. enemy.
inīquitās, -ātis, f. unfairness, injustice.
inīquus, -a, -um, unfair, unjust.
initio (1), tr. consecrate.
iniūria, -ae, f. outrage, wrong;
iniūriā, undeservedly.
iniussū (only in abl. sing.), m. without the command.
inlecebra, -ae, f. attraction, allurement.
inlustris, -e, distinguished, famous.
in-lustro (1), tr. illuminate, make clear.
in-mitto, -mīsi, -missum (3), tr. send in.
innocens, -ntis, guiltless.
inopia, -ae, f. want.
inquam, inquis, inquit, defect. intr. say.
in-rētio (4), tr. ensnare, entrap.
in-scrībo, -psi, -ptum (3), tr. write on.
insepultus, -a, -um, unburied.
insidiae, -ārum, f. plur. ambuscade, plot.
insidiātor, -ōris, m. plotter;
with viae, waylayer.
insidior (1), intr. c. dat. lie in wait for, plot against.
insidiōsus, -a, -um, treacherous.
insigne, -is, n. mark, badge.
in-simulo (1), tr. charge, allege.
insolentius, adv. more immoderately, more haughtily.
inspērātus, -a, -um, unhoped for.
in-stituo, -ui, -ūtum (3), tr. undertake, begin.
in-sto, -stiti, -stātum (1), intr. press on, threaten.
instrūmentum, -i, n. instrument, means of trade.
in-struo, -xi, -ctum (3), tr. draw up, array.
integer, -gra, -grum, untouched, unharmed, unbroken.
intel-lego or -ligo, -exi, -ectum (3), tr. learn, understand, know.
in-tendo, -di, -tum or -sum (3), tr. or intr. stretch out; purpose, endeavour.
inter, prep. c. acc. between, among, amid;
inter sē, each other.
inter-cēdo, -cessi, -cessum (3), intr. intervene.
intereā, adv. meanwhile.
inter-eo, -ii, -itum, -īre, intr. perish, am ruined.
inter-ficio, -fēci, -fectum (3), tr. kill, slay.
interim, adv. meanwhile.
inter-imo, -ēmi, -emptum (3), tr. kill, slay.
interitus, -ūs, m. death, ruin, destruction, annihilation.
inter-necio, -ōnis, f. massacre, annihilation.
inter-rogo (1), tr. ask.
inter-sum, -fui, -esse, intr. am between, differ;
impers. interest, it interests, it concerns (with meā, tuā &c.),
interventus, -ūs, m. coming between, intervention.
intestīnus, -a, -um, internal.
intimus, -a, -um, inmost, most secret;
intimus, -i, m. intimate friend.
intrā, prep. c. acc. within.
intrō-dūco, -xi, -ctum (3), tr. bring in, introduce.
in-tueor (2), tr. look at.
intus, adv. inside.
in-ūro, -ussi, -ustum (3), tr. burn into.
in-venio, -vēni, -ventum (4), tr. find, discover.
in-vestīgo (1), tr. track out, search out.
in-veterasco, -āvi, —— (3), intr. grow old, am established, am fixed.
invictus, -a, -um, unconquered.
invidia, -ae, f. unpopularity.
invidiōsus, -a, -um, odious, unpopular.
invidus, -a, -um, envious.
invīto (1), tr. invite, summon.
invītus, -a, -um, unwilling.
ipse, -a, -um, oneself, self, very, in person.
is, ea, id, that, those, such; he, she, it, they.
iste, -a, -ud, that of yours, that; he, she, it (used especially of any one or anything connected with the person addressed).
ita, adv. so, in such a way.
itaque, conj. and so, accordingly.
item, adv. in like manner.
iter, itineris, n. going, journey, route.
iterum, adv. a second time.
iubeo, iussi, iussum (2), tr. order.
iūcundus, -a, -um, pleasant.
iudicium, -i, n. judgement, legal decision, sentence.
iūdico (1), tr. or intr. judge, decide.
iugulum, -i, n. throat.
iūs, iūris, n. law, right;
iūre, rightly;
iūs iūrandum, oath.
iussū (only in abl. sing.), m. order, command.
iustus, -a, -um, just, righteous.
iuventūs, -ūtis, f. body of youth, youth.
L
labefacto (1), tr. shake, give a shock to, undermine, ruin.
labor, -ōris, m. toil.
labōro (1), intr. work, exert myself.
lacesso, -īvi, -ītum (3), tr. harass, attack.
lacrima, -ae, f. tear.
lacto (1), intr. suck milk.
laedo, -si, -sum (3), tr. hurt, injure.
laetitia,-ae, f. joy, pleasure.
laetor (1), intr. rejoice.
lāmentātio, -ōnis, f. mourning, wailing.
lāmentor (1), tr. or intr. mourn, bewail.
languidus, -a, -um, dull, listless.
largītio, -ōnis, f. largess, bribery.
largītor, -ōris, m. briber.
lātē, adv. widely.
lateo, -ui, —— (2), intr. lie hid, am hidden.
lātor, -ōris, m. mover, proposer.
latro, -ōnis, m. brigand.
latrōcinium, -i, n. robbery, brigandage, band of brigands.
latrōcinor (1), intr. am a robber, am a bandit.
latus, -eris, n. side.
laudo (1), tr. praise.
laus, laudis, f. praise, honour, glory, distinction.
lectīca, -ae, f. litter.
lectulus, -i, m. small couch, bed.
lectus, -i, m. couch, bed.
lēgātus, -i, m. ambassador.
legio, -ōnis, f. legion.
lego, lēgi, lectum (3), tr. choose, read;
lectus, -a, -um, excellent.
lēnio (4), tr. soften, assuage.
lēnis, -e, gentle, merciful.
lēnitās, -ātis, f. mercy, clemency.
lēno, -ōnis, m. pander, creature.
lentus, -a, -um, slow, sluggish.
lepidus, -a, -um, charming, witty.
levis, -e, light, frivolous.
levissimē, adv. very lightly, in the mildest manner.
levitās, -ātis, f. frivolity.
levo (1), tr. lighten, lessen.
lex, lēgis, f. law, rule, condition.
līber, -era, -erum, free;
līberi, -ōrum, m. plur. children (in relation to their parents).
lībero (1), tr. free, relieve.
lībertās, -ātis, f. freedom, liberty.
lībertīnus, -i, m. freedman.
libīdo, -inis, f. passion, lust.
licet, licuit or licitum est, impers. (2), intr. c. dat. it is allowed, one may.
lingua, -ae, f. tongue.
līnum, -i, n. flax, thread.
liquefacio, -fēci, -factum (3), tr. melt.
littera, -ae, f. letter (of the alphabet);
plur. letter, dispatch, literature.
loco (1), tr. place, contract for.
locuples, -ētis, rich.
locus, -i, m. place, position, room.
longē, adv. far.
longinquus, -a, -um, distant.
longus, -a, -um, long, tedious.
loquor, locūtus sum (3), tr. or intr. speak, say.
lubenter, adv. gladly.
lubet, lubuit or lubitum est, impers. (2), intr. c. dat. it pleases.
luctus, -ūs, m. mourning.
lūdus, -i, m. play, school;
plur. public games.
lūgeo, luxi, —— (2) tr. or intr. mourn, lament.
lūmen, -inis, n. light.
lupīnus, -a, -um, of a wolf.
lux, lūcis, f. light, day.
luxuria, -ae, f. extravagance, excess.
M
māchinātor, -ōris, m. contriver.
māchinor (1), tr. contrive, design.
macto (1), tr. sacrifice, punish.
maeror, -ōris, m. grief.
magis, adv. more.
magistrātus, -ūs, m. office, magistrate.
magnificē, adv. splendidly, gloriously.
magnitūdo, -inis, f. greatness, size, extent.
magnus, -a, -um, great;
magno opere, greatly.
māior, -us, greater, larger, older;
māiōrēs, -um, m. plur. ancestors.
male, adv. badly;
with adj. not.
maleficium, -i, n. wickedness, offence.
malleolus, -i, m. mallet, fire-dart.
mālo, mālui, malle, tr. or intr. prefer.
malus, -a, -um, bad;
malum, -i, n. evil.
mandātum, -i, n. charge, order.
mando (1), tr. entrust, commit.
māne, indecl. n. morning.
maneo, -si, -sum (2), intr. remain.
manicātus, -a, -um, having long sleeves.
manifestus, -a, -um, clear, evident;
adv. manifesto, clearly.
māno (1), intr. flow, get abroad.
manus, -ūs, f. hand, handwriting; company, band.
mare, -is, n. sea.
marītus, -i, m. husband.
mātūrē, adv. early;
compar. mātūrius.
mātūritās, -ātis, f. ripeness.
mātūro (1), tr. hasten, dispatch.
maximē, adv. especially.
maximus, -a, -um, greatest, very great, chief.
medicīna, -ae, f. remedy.
mediocris, -e, ordinary, tolerable.
mediocriter, adv. trivially, not seriously.
meditor (1), tr. purpose, intend;
perf. partic. also pass. in sense, practised.
medius, -a, -um, mid, middle.
melior, -us, better.
memini, defect. (3), tr. or intr. c. gen. remember.
memor, -oris, mindful.
memoria, -ae, f. memory.
mendīcitās, -ātis, f. beggary.
mens, -ntis, f. mind, thought, intention, understanding, disposition.
mereor (2), tr. or intr. deserve.
meritum, -i, n. desert, service, favour;
merito, deservedly.
metuo, -ui, -ūtum (3), tr. fear.
metus, -ūs, m. fear.
meus, -a, -um, my.
mīles, -itis, m. soldier.
mīlitāris, -e, belonging to a soldier, military.
minae, -ārum, f. plur. threats.
minimē, adv. very little, least.
minimus, -a, -um, very little, least.
minitor (1), intr. c. dat. threaten.
minor, -us, smaller, less;
adv. minus, less, not.
minuo, -ui, -ūtum (3), tr. lessen, reduce.
misceo, miscui, mixtum (2), tr. mix, mingle, embroil.
miser, -era, -erum, wretched, pitiable.
miseria, -ae, f. misfortune, affliction.
misericordia, -ae, f. pity.
misericors, -rdis, tenderhearted, pitiful.
miseror (1), tr. pity.
mītis, -e, mild, gentle.
mitto, mīsi, missum (3), tr. send.
modō, adv. just now, lately, only.
modus, -i, m. limit, kind, manner.
moenia, -ium, n. plur. walls (of a town).
mōlēs, -is, f. mass, weight.
molestē, adv. with trouble;
molestē fero, take it ill, am vexed at.
mōlior (4), tr. set in motion, attempt, design.
mollis, -e, soft, mild.
moneo (2), tr. warn, advise.
monimentum, -i, n. memorial.
monstrum, -i, n. evil omen, portent, monster.
mora, -ae, f. delay.
morbus, -i, m. disease.
morior, mortuus sum (3), intr. die;
mortuus, -a, -um, dead.
mors, -rtis, f. death.
mōs, mōris, m. custom, habit.
mōtus, -ūs, m. movement, disturbance, trouble;
terrae mōtus, earthquake.
moveo, mōvi, mōtum (2), tr. move, affect, alarm.
mucro, -ōnis, m. point, edge, sword.
mulier, -eris, f. woman.
muliercula, -ae, f. little woman.
multitūdo, -inis, f. multitude, numbers.
multo (1), tr. punish.
multus, -a, -um, much, many;
adv. multo, by much.
mūniceps, -cipis, c. citizen of a mūnicipium, burgess.
mūnicipium, -i, n. free town.
mūnio (4), tr. fortify, defend;
mūnītissimus, -a, -um, strongly fortified.
mūrus, -i, m. wall.
mūto (1), tr. change.
mūtus, -a, -um, silent.
N
nam, conj. for.
nanciscor, nanctus or nactus sum (3), tr. get, obtain.
nascor, nātus sum (3), intr. am born, begin, grow.
nātio, -ōnis, f. tribe, people.
nātūra, -ae, f. nature.
naufragus, -i, m. shipwrecked man, castaway.
-ne, interrog. particle.
nē, conj. that ... not, lest;
adv. not;
nē . . . quidem, not either, not even.
nē, interj. really, indeed.
nec, see neque.
necessārio, adv. necessarily.
necessārius, -i, m. kinsman, connexion.
necesse, indecl. adj. inevitable, necessary.
necessitās, -ātis, f. necessity.
necne, conj. or not.
neco (1), tr. kill, murder.
nefandus, -a, -um, abominable, execrable.
nefariē, adv. impiously.
nefārius, -a, -um, impious, wicked.
neglego (nec-lego), -xi, -ctum (3), tr. neglect, despise.
nego (1), tr. or intr. deny.
negōtium, -i, n. business, trouble.
nēmo, nullīus, m. no one;
non nēmo, some one.
nepos, -ōtis, m. grandson, prodigal, spendthrift.
neque or nec, conj. and not, nor;
neque . . . neque, neither ... nor.
nēquior, -us (compar. of nēquam), more unprincipled, more worthless.
nēquitia, -ae, f. want of principle, remissness, negligence.
nē-scio (4), tr. or intr. do not know, am ignorant;
nescio qui, some.
nex, necis, f. violent death, murder.
nihil, indecl. n. nothing;
adv. in nothing, not at all;
nihildum, nothing yet.
nimis, adv. too much, too.
nimius, -a, -um, too much, too great;
adv. nimium, too much, too.
nisī, adv. or conj. except, unless.
niteo, ——, —— (2), intr. glitter, glisten.
nitidus, -a, -um, shining, glossy.
nix, nivis, f. snow.
nōbilis, -e, famous, high-born.
noceo (2), intr. c. dat. hurt, do harm to;
nocens, -ntis, m. criminal.
nocturnus, -a, -um, nightly, by night, night.
nōlo, nōlui, nolle, tr. or intr. do not wish, am unwilling.
nōmen, -inis, n. name.
nōminātim, adv. by name.
nōmino (1), name, call.
nōn, adv. not.
nondum, adv. not yet.
nonnullus, -a, -um, some.
nonnumquam, adv. sometimes.
nosco, nōvi, nōtum (3), tr. learn;
nōvi, know.
noster, -tra, -trum, our.
nota, -ae, f. mark, brand.
noto (1), tr. mark.
nōtus, -a, -um, known.
novem, indecl. adj. nine.
novus, -a, -um, new;
rēs novae, revolution.
nox, noctis, f. night.
nūdius tertius, adv. the day before yesterday.
nūdus, -a, -um, bare, naked.
nullus, -a, -um, no, none.
num, interrog. particle.
nūmen, -inis, n. divinity, divine power.
numerus, -i, m. number.
numquam, adv. never.
nunc, adv. now.
nūper, adv. lately.
nuptiae, -ārum, f. plur. marriage.
nūtus, -ūs, m. nod, will.
O
O! interj. oh!
ob, prep. c. acc. on account of.
ob-eo, -ii,

-itum,-īre, tr. come to, visit, attend to, execute, accomplish.
ob-fero, -tuli, -lātum, -ferre, tr. present, offer.
ob-ligo (1), tr. bind, lay under an obligation, render liable,
mortgage.
ob-lino, -lēvi, -litum (3), tr. besmear, overload;
oblitus, -a, -um, reeking.
oblīviscor, -lītus sum (3), tr. or intr. c. gen. forget.
obscūrē, adv. darkly, obscurely.
obscūro (1), tr. hide, cover.
obscūrus, -a, -um, dark, secret.
obses, -idis, c. hostage.
ob-sideo, -sēdi, -sessum (2), tr. besiege, blockade, beset, am on the look out for.
obsidio, -ōnis, f. blockade.
ob-sisto, -stiti, -stitum (3), intr. c. dat. hinder, oppose.
ob-stipesco, -pui, —— (3), intr. am astounded, am stupefied.
ob-sto, -stiti, -stātum (1), intr. c. dat. hinder, oppose.
ob-stupefacio, -fēci, -factum (3), tr. astound, arouse.
ob-sum, -fui, -esse, intr. c. dat. injure.
ob-tempero (1), intr. c. dat. obey.
ob-tineo, -tinui, -tentum (2), tr. hold, assert, maintain.
ob-tingo, -tigi, —— (3), intr. happen, befall.
occāsus, -ūs, m. fall.
occidens, -ntis, m. west.
oc-cīdo, -di, -sum (3), tr. kill, slay, murder.
oc-clūdo, -si, -sum (3), shut.
oc-culo, -ui, -tum (3), tr. hide.
occultē, adv. secretly.
oc-cupo (1), tr. seize, take possession of.
oc-curro, -curri, -cursum (3), intr. c. dat. meet, engage in.
oculus, -i, m. eye.
ōdi, defect. (3), tr. hate.
odium, -i, n. hatred.
of-fendo, -di, -sum (3), tr. strike against, light upon, displease, offend.
officium, -i, n. duty.
ōmen, -inis, n. omen, token.
omitto, -mīsi, -missum (3), tr. pass over, leave unmentioned.
omnis, -e, all.
opera, -ae, f. aid, service, employment;
operae pretium, worth while.
opīnio, -ōnis, f. expectation, belief.
opīnor (1), intr. think.
oportet, -uit, impers. (2), it is necessary;
c. acc. one ought, one must.
op-peto, -īvi,-ītum (3), tr. encounter.
op-pōno, -posui, -positum (3), tr. oppose.
op-primo, -pressi, -pressum (3), tr. put down, crush, baffle.
*ops, opis, f. power, aid;
plur. power, resources, wealth.
optimātēs, -ium, m. plur. best men, good citizens.
optimus, -a, -um, best.
opto (1), tr. desire, pray for.
opus, -eris, n. work;
opus est, there is need, it is necessary;
magno opere, greatly.
ōrātio, -ōnis, f. speech, discourse, harangue.
orbis, -is, m. circle;
orbis terrae or terrarum, the circle of the earth, the world.
ordo, -inis, m. order, rank, class, body.
oriens, -ntis, m. east.
ornāmentum, -i, n. equipment, decoration.
orno (1), tr. equip, furnish, embellish, honour.
ōro (1), tr. beg, pray, ask.
ortus, -ūs, m. rising.
ōs, ōris, n. mouth, face.
ostendo, -di, -sum or -tum (3), tr. show, display.
ostento (1), tr. exhibit, display.
ōtiōsus, -a, -um, unemployed, tranquil;
ōtiōsus, -i, m. private person, civilian.
ōtium, -i, n. leisure, quiet, tranquillity.
P
paciscor, pactus sum (3), tr. agree upon, covenant;
perf. partic. also with passive meaning.
pāco (1), tr. make peaceful, subdue.
pactum, -i, n. agreement, terms, manner.
paene, adv. nearly, almost.
paenitet, -uit, impers. (2), tr. it repents.
palam, adv. openly, plainly.
pār, paris, equal, like.
parco, peperci, parsum (3), intr. c. dat. spare.
parens, -ntis, c. parent.
pāreo (2), intr. c. dat. obey.
pariēs, -etis, m. wall (of a house).
pario, peperi, partum (3), tr. bring forth, produce, gain.
paro (1), tr. prepare, collect, raise;
paratus, -a, -um, ready.
parricīda, -ae, c. murderer, traitor.
parricīdium, -i, n. murder, treason.
pars, -rtis, f. part, division, direction, side; political party, faction.
particeps, -cipis, sharing in (gen.);
as noun, partner.
partim, adv. partly.
parum, adv. too little, not enough.
parvulus, -a, -um, very small.
parvus, -a, -um, small.
pastor, -ōris, m. shepherd.
patefacio, -fēci, -factum (3), tr. bring to light, expose, convict.
pateo, -ui, —— (2), intr. am open, am manifest.
pater, -tris, m. father.
patientia, -ae, f. endurance, patience, indulgence.
patior, passus sum (3), tr. or intr. suffer, allow.
patria, -ae, f. fatherland, country.
patricius, -a, -um, patrician;
patricius, -i, m. patrician (member of the Roman nobility).
patrimōnium, -i, n. inheritance.
pauci, -ae, -a, few.
paulisper, adv. for a short time.
paulo, adv. a little.
paululum, -i, n. a very little.
pax, pācis, f. peace, tranquillity.
pecto, pexi, pexum (3), tr. comb.
pecūnia, -ae, f. wealth, money.
pecus, -udis, f. beast.
pedester, -tris, -tre, of foot-soldiers, of infantry.
pello, pepuli, pulsum (3), tr. drive, expel.
penitus, adv. deeply, wholly.
per, prep. c. acc. through, by.
per-cello, -culi, -culsum (3), tr. beat down, smite.
per-cipio, -cēpi, -ceptum (3), tr. listen to, attend to.
per-cutio, -cussi, -cussum (3), tr. strike.
per-do, -didi, -ditum (3), tr. lose, destroy;
perditus, -a, -um, desperate, abandoned, corrupt;
perditur, -i, m. scoundrel.
per-dūco, -xi, -ctum (3), tr. lead, take.
per-eo, -ii, -itum, -īre, intr. die, perish.
per-fero, -tuli, -lātum, -ferre, tr. endure, tolerate.
per-ficio, -fēci, -fectum (3), tr. carry out, manage.
per-fringo, -frēgi, -fractum (3), tr. break through, shatter.
per-fruor, -fructus sum (3), intr. c. abl. enjoy fully.
per-fugium, -i, n. refuge.
pergo, perrexi, perrectum (3), intr. proceed, go on.
per-horresco, -rui, —— (3), intr. shudder, tremble;
tr. have a horror of.
perīclitor (1), tr. or intr. make trial of, endanger; am endangered.
perīculōsus, -a, -um, dangerous.
perīculum, -i, n. danger.
permagnus, -a, -um, very large.
per-maneo, -si, -sum (2), intr. stay to the end, continue, persist.
per-mitto, -mīsi, -missum (3), tr. entrust.
permodestus, -a, -um, bashful, obedient.
per-moveo, -mōvi, -mōtum (2), tr. interest, alarm.
permultus, -a, -um, very much; plur. very many.
perniciēs, -ēi, f. destruction.
perniciōsus, -a, -um, destructive, mischievous, deadly.
perpetuus, -a, -um, continuous, constant, lasting;
in perpetuum (sc. tempus), permanently.
persaepe, adv. very often.
per-scrībo, -psi, -ptum (3), tr. write out in full.
per-sequor, -secūtus sum (3), tr. pursue, attack.
per-spicio, -spexi, -spectum (3), tr. see clearly.
per-terreo (2), tr. frighten, scare.
per-timesco, -timui, —— (3), tr. or intr. fear.
per-tineo, -ui, —— (2), intr. reach, belong, concern.
per-turbo (1), tr. trouble, disturb, agitate.
per-venio, -vēni, -ventum (4), intr. come, arrive.
pestis, -is, f. plague, scourge, destruction.
petītio, -ōnis, f. blow, thrust.
peto, -īvi, -ītum (3), tr. attack, assault; demand, beg.
petulantia, -ae, f. wantonness, impudence.
pietās, -ātis, f. dutifulness, goodness.
placeo (2), intr. c. dat. please;
placet, impers. it seems right, it is determined.
plāco (1), tr. reconcile, appease.
plānē, adv. clearly, completely.
plēnus, -a, -um, full.
plūrimus, -a, -um, very many, most.
plūs, adv. more.
poena, -ae, f. penalty, punishment.
polliceor (2), tr. or intr. promise, undertake.
pōno, posui, positum (3), tr. put, place, pitch, assign.
pons, -ntis, m. bridge.
pontifex, -icis, m. high-priest, pontiff.
popīna, -ae, f. eating-house, tavern.
populāris, -e, popular, friendly to the people.
populus, -i, m. people.
porta, -ae, f. gate.
possessio, -ōnis, f. holding, possession, property, estate.
possum, potui, posse, intr. am able, can.
post, prep. c. acc. after, since;
adv. afterwards.
posteā, adv. afterwards, later.
posteritās, -ātis, f. future time, posterity.
posterus, -a, -um, future;
posteri, -ōrum, m. plur. descendants, posterity;
in posterum, for the future, in future.
posthāc, adv. after this, for the future.
postrēmus, -a, -um, last;
adv. postrēmo, lastly.
postulo (1), tr. ask, demand.
potens, -ntis, powerful.
potestās, -ātis, f. power, authority;
potestātem facio, give opportunity, give leave.
potior (4), intr. c. gen. or abl. get, gain.
potius, adv. rather.
prae, prep. c. abl. before, in comparison with.
praebeo (2), tr. offer, render, show.
praeceps, -cipitis, headstrong.
prae-cipio, -cēpi, -ceptum (3), tr. enjoin, give as a warning.
pracipuē, adv. especially.
praeclārus, -a, -um, famous, remarkable, signal, noble.
prae-curro, -cucurri, -cursum (3), intr. c. dat. run before, outrun, surpass.
praedātor, -ōris, m. robber.
prae-dico (1), tr. declare, extol.
prae-dīco, -xi, -ctum (3), tr. state beforehand, premise, proclaim.
praedium, -i, n. farm.
praefectūra, -ae, f. prefecture (an Italian city governed by a Roman magistrate).
prae-fero, -tuli, -lātum, -ferre, tr. hold forth, offer.
prae-mitto, -mīsi, -missum (3), tr. send in advance.
praemium, -i, n. reward.
prae-scrībo, -psi, -ptum (3), tr. acc. and dat. order, appoint.
praesens, -ntis, present, opportune.
praesentia, -ae, f. presence.
praesertim, adv. especially;
cum praesertim, especially since.
prae-sideo, -sēdi, —— (2), intr. c. dat. guard, watch.
praesidium, -i, n. guard, protection, garrison, force.
praesto, adv. at hand.
prae-sto, -stiti, -stitum or -stātum (1), tr. guarantee, carry out.
praestōlor (1), intr. c. dat. wait for.
praeter, prep. c. acc. except, besides, contrary to.
praetereā, adv. besides.
praeter-eo, -ii, -itum, -īre, tr. pass over, leave unmentioned.
praeter-mitto, -mīsi, -missum (3), tr. pass over, omit.
praeterquam, adv. besides, except.
praetexta (sc. toga), -ae, f. gown edged with purple.
praetor, -ōris, m. praetor (a magistrate charged with the administration of justice).
praetōrius, -a, -um, belonging to a praetor or general, praetorian.
praetūra, -ae, f. praetorship.
precor (1), tr. or intr. pray, pray to, beseech.
premo, pressi, pressum (3), tr. check, harass, crush, overwhelm.
pretium, -i, n. value, worth, pay.
prīdem, adv. long ago, long since.
prīdiē, adv. on the day before.
prīmus, -a, -um, first;
adv. prīmum, prīmo, at first, firstly;
quam prīmum, as soon as possible.
princeps, -ipis, first, chief;
as noun, chief, chief man, leader.
principium, -i, n. beginning;
principio, at first, firstly.
prior, -us, former, earlier, previous.
pristinus, -a, -um, former, early.
prīvātus, -a, -um, private, personal;
prīvātus, -i, m. private citizen.
prīvo (1), rob, deprive.
pro, prep. c. abl. for, on behalf of, in accordance with, instead of, in return for.
probo (1), tr. approve, prove.
procella, -ae, f. storm.
procul, adv. far off.
prōcūrātio, -ōnis, f. charge, office.
prōdigium, -i, n. evil token, prodigy.
prōdigus, -a, -um, lavish, extravagant;
prōdigus, -i, m. spendthrift.
proelium, -i, n. battle.
profectio, -ōnis, f. departure.
profecto, adv. assuredly.
prō-fero, -tuli, -lātum, -ferre, tr. bring forth, bring forward, issue.
prō-ficio, -fēci, -fectum (3), tr. effect, accomplish.
pro-ficiscor, -fectus sum (3), intr. set out, start.
prō-fiteor, -fessus sum (3), tr. propose, offer.
prō-flīgo (1), tr. overthrow.
prō-fugio, -fūgi, —— (3), tr. or intr. flee from; flee, run away.
pro-fundo, -fūdi, -fūsum (3), tr. pour out, dissipate.
prō-gredior, -gressus sum (3), intr. go forward, advance.
pro-hibeo (2), tr. hinder, prevent.
prō-icio, -iēci, -iectum (3), tr. cast forth.
proinde, adv. in like manner, accordingly.
prō-lāto (1), tr. put off, defer.
propāgo (1), tr. extend, prolong.
prope, adv. nearly, almost.
prō-pōno, -posui, -positum (3), tr. set before, offer, determine.
proprius, -a, -um, peculiar to, characteristic of.
propter, prep. c. acc. on account of.
prō-pulso (1), tr. repel, avert.
proscriptio, -ōnis, f. proscription, confiscation.
prō-sequor, -secūtus sum (3), tr. follow, attend.
prō-spicio, -exi, -ectum (3), tr. see beforehand, give attention to;
intr. c. dat. take measures for.
prō-sterno, -strāvi, -strātum (3), tr. lay low.
prō-sum, prōfui, prōdesse, intr. c. dat. benefit.
prō-videntia, -ae, f. foresight.
prō-video, -vīdi, -vīsum (2), tr. foresee, prepare;
intr. make provision;
intr. c. dat. provide for, guard the interests of.
prōvincia, -ae, f. province.
prōvinciālis, -e, belonging to a province, provincial.
proximus, -a, -um, nearest, next, last.
prūdens, -ntis, wise.
prūdentia, -ae, f. wisdom.
pruīna, -ae, f. frost.
publicātio, -ōnis, f. confiscation.
publicē, adv. publicly.
publico (1), tr. confiscate.
publicus, -a, -um, public;
rēs publica, state, public affairs, public interest.
pudīcitia, -ae, f. chastity, virtue.
pudor, -ōris, m. shame, modesty, decency.
puer, -eri, m. boy.
pugna, -ae, f. fight, battle.
pugno (1), intr. fight.
pulcher, -chra, -chrum, beautiful.
pulvīnar, -āris, n. couch (for the images of the gods at a thanksgiving).
punctum, -i, n. point, instant.
pūnio (4), tr. punish.
purgo (1), tr. cleanse, purify.
purpura, -ae, f. purple.
purpurātus, -i, m. officer clothed in purple, vizier.
puto (1), tr. or intr. think.
Q
quaero, -sīvi, -sītum (3), tr. seek, ask.
quaesītor, -ōris, m. investigator, inquisitor.
quaeso, quaesumus (3), defect. intr. beg, pray.
quaestio, -ōnis, f. investigation, commission, law-court.
quaestus, -ūs, m. gain.
quālis, -e, such as, as (after tālis).
quam, adv. how, as, than;
tam . . . quam, so much ... as;
also used to strengthen superlatives;
quam diu, how long? as long as.
quamquam, conj. although.
quando, adv. at any time.
quantus, -a, -um, how great? as great as, as (after tantus).
quapropter, adv. for which reason.
quārē, adv. wherefore.
quartus, -a, -um, fourth.
-que, conj. and.
quemadmodum, adv. how.
querimōnia, -ae, f. complaint.
queror, questus sum (3), tr. or intr. regret, complain, bewail.
qui, quae, quod, rel. pron. who, which, that.
qui, quae, quod, interrog. adj. which? what?
quia, conj. because.
quīcumque, quaecumque, quodcumque, whoever, whatever; every possible.
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, a certain, some.
quidem, adv. indeed.
quiēs, -ētis, f. rest.
quiesco, -ēvi, -ētum (3), intr. am quiet, do nothing.
quiētus, -a, -um, peaceful, undisturbed.
quīn, conj. or adv. with indic. why not? quīn etiam, nay even;
with subj. but that, that.
quintus, -a, -um, fifth.
quis, quid, interrog. pron. who? what? adv. quid, why?
quis, quid, indef. pron. any one, anything;
quis, also adj. any.
quispiam, quaepiam, quodpiam or quidpiam, indef. pron. any one, anything, someone, something;
adj. any, some.
quisquam, quidquam, indef. pron. any one, anything;
quisquam, also adj. any.
quisque, quaeque, quodque, or (as pron.) quidque, each.
quisquis, quidquid, whoever, whatever.
quo, adv. whither (rel. or interrog.);
quo usque, how long?
quoad, adv. as long as.
quōcumque, adv. in whatever direction.
quod, conj. because, that.
quodsi, conj. but if.
quondam, adv. in old time, formerly.
quoniam, conj. since.
quoque, conj. also, too.
quot, indecl. adj. how many.
quotiens, adv. how often.
quotienscumque, adv. how often soever.
R
rapīna, -ae, f. plundering, plunder.
rapio, -ui, -tum (3), tr. snatch, hurry away.
ratio, -ōnis, f. consideration, reflection, reason, principle; method, way.
recens, -ntis, new, fresh.
re-cipio, -cēpi, -ceptum (3), tr. take back, receive, admit; engage, promise.
re-cito (1), tr. read aloud.
re-co-gnosco, -gnōvi, -gnitum (3), tr. call to mind, examine.
reconciliātio, -ōnis, f. renewal.
re-condo, -didi, -ditum (3), tr. stow away, hide.
recordor (1), tr. or intr. remember.
re-creo (1), tr. refresh, recover.
rectā, adv. straight.
rectē, adv. rightly, justly.
recūsātio, -ōnis, f. refusal, objection.
re-cūso (1), tr. decline, reject.
red-eo, -ii, -itum, -īre, intr. go back, return.
redimio (4), tr. wreathe.
red-undo (1), intr. overflow.
re-fero, -tuli, -lātum, -ferre, tr. bring back, bring before.
rēgiē, adv. royally, despotically.
regio, -ōnis, f. district.
regno (1), intr. reign, am king.
regnum, -i, n. royal authority, sovereignty.
re-levo (1), tr. lift up, relieve.
rēligio, -ōnis, f. scruple.
re-linquo, -līqui, -lictum (3), tr. leave behind, leave.
reliquus, -a, -um, that is left, remaining, rest of.
re-maneo, -mansi, —— (2), intr. stay behind.
remissio, -ōnis, f. relaxation, mildness.
re-mitto, -mīsi, -missum (3), tr. send back, slacken;
remissus, -a, -um, slack, lax.
re-moror (1), tr. hinder, delay.
re-moveo, B, -mōtum (2), tr. remove, set aside.
re-pello, reppuli, repulsum (3), tr. drive back, reject, bring about rejection of.
repente, adv. suddenly.
repentīnus, -a, -um, sudden.
re-perio, repperi, repertum (4), tr. find, discover.
re-primo, -pressi, -pressum (3), tr. check, restrain.
repudio (1), tr. reject.
rēs, rei, f. fact, deed, matter, thing, interest, property;
plur. power, administration.
re-seco, -cui, -ctum (1), tr. cut away.
re-servo (1), tr. keep back, reserve.
re-sideo, -sēdi, —— (2), intr. remain, am left.
re-sisto, -stiti, —— (3), intr. stop, stay behind;
intr. c. dat. resist, remain over to.
re-spondeo, -di, -sum (2), tr. or intr. c. dat. answer, give an answer to, prove a match for.
responsum, -i, n. answer.

re-stinguo, -nxi, -nctum (3), tr. put out, quench.
re-stituo, -ui, -ūtum (3), tr. put back, restore.
re-sto, -stiti, —— (1), intr. hold out, remain.
re-ticeo, -ui, —— (2), intr. keep silence, make no answer.
re-tineo, -tinui, -tentum (2), tr. hold back, keep, preserve.
re-torqueo, -si, -tum (2), tr. turn back.
re-tundo, rettudi, retūsum (3), tr. blunt, turn the edge of.
reus, -i, m. person accused, prisoner.
re-vertor, -versus sum or -verti (3), intr. turn back, return.
re-voco (1), tr. call back, recall.
rex, rēgis, m. king.
rōbur, -oris, n. strength.
rōbustus, -a, -um, strong, vigorous.
rogo (1), tr. ask, introduce, propose (a law).
ruīna, -ae, f. downfall, ruin, disaster.
rumpo, rūpi, ruptum (3), tr. break.
rusticus, -a, -um, rustic, rural.
S
sacer, -cra, -crum, sacred;
sacra, -ōrum, n. plur. rites, mysteries.
sacrārium, -i, n. shrine.
sacrōsanctus, -a, -um, inviolable.
saeculum, -i, n. generation.
saepe, adv. often.
saepio, -psi, -ptum (4), tr. fence in, surround.
sagax, -ācis, shrewd.
salto (1), intr. dance.
salūs, -ūtis, f. safety, preservation.
salūto (1), tr. or intr. greet, wait upon, pay a call.
salvus, -a, -um, safe, preserved, solvent.
sancio, -nxi, -nctum (4), tr. or intr. ordain, forbid under penalty.
sanctus, -a, -um, sacred, holy, inviolable.
sānē, adv. by all means.
sanguis, -inis, m. blood.
sāno (1), tr. cure.
sānus, -a, -um, sound, healthy, wise.
sapiens, -ntis, wise.
satelles, -itis, c. attendant, servant.
satis, adv. enough, quite;
as noun, enough of;
satis facio (dat.), satisfy, do my duty to.
saucius, -a, -um, wounded.
scaena, -ae, f. stage.
scelerātē, adv. wickedly.
scelerātus, -a, -um, impious, wicked;
scelerātus, -i, m. criminal, profligate.
scelus, -eris, n. crime.
scientia, -ae, f. knowledge.
scīlicet, adv. evidently, to be sure.
scio (4), tr. or intr. know.
scortum, -i, n. harlot.
scrība, -ae, m. notary.
scrībo, -psi, -ptum (3), tr. write.
sē or sēsē, sui, himself, herself, &c.
sē-cēdo, -cessi, -cessum (3), intr. go apart, withdraw.
sē-cerno, -crēvi, -crētum (3), tr. divide, separate, put on one side.
secūris, -is, f. axe.
sed, conj., but.
sēdēs, -is, f. seat, abode, habitation.
sēditio, -ōnis, f. disaffection, rebellion.
sēdo (1), tr. quiet, settle, stop.
sē-iungo, -nxi, -nctum (3), tr. separate.
sella, -ae, f. seat, chair.
semel, adv. once.
sēmen, -inis, n. seed.
sēminārium, -i, n. nursery-garden, school.
semper, adv. always.
sempiternus, -a, -um, perpetual, everlasting.
senātor, -ōris, m. senator.
senātus, -ūs, m. senate.
senex, -is, m. old man.
sensus, -ūs, m. feeling, consciousness.
sententia, -ae, f. opinion, purpose, vote; meaning, purport.
sentīna, -ae, f. refuse, dregs.
sentio, sensi, sensum, tr. or intr. feel, see, perceive.
sepelio, -elīvi, -ultum (4), tr. bury.
sequor, secūtus sum (3), tr. or intr. follow, adopt, obey.
sērius, adv. later, too late.
sermo, -ōnis, m. talk, conversation, discourse.
serpo, -psi, -ptum (3), intr. creep.
sertum, -i, n. garland.
servio (4), intr. c. dat. serve, am a slave, do service to, indulge.
servitium, -i, n. slavery, body of slaves.
servitūs, -ūtis, f. slavery.
servo (1), tr. keep, preserve.
servus, -i, m. slave.
sevērē, adv. sternly, severely.
sevēritās, -ātis, f. strictness, sternness.
sevērus, -a, -um, stern, severe, strict.
sextus, -a, -um, sixth.
si, conj. if.
sīc, adv. so, thus.
sīca, -ae, f. dagger.
sīcārius, -i, m. assassin.
sīcut, adv. just as, as.
significātio, -ōnis, f. token, intimation.
signum, -i, n. standard, seal.
silentium, -i, n. silence.
sileo, -ui, —— (2), tr. or intr. am silent about, leave unmentioned; am silent.
silvestris, -e, woodland, rustic.
similis, -e, like.
simul, adv. at the same time;
simul atque (ac), conj. as soon as.
simulacrum, -i, n. image.
sīn, conj. if however, but if.
sine, prep. c. abl. without.
singulāris, -e, extraordinary, unprecedented.
singuli, -ae, -a, one each, each, single.
sino, sīvi, situm (3), tr. or intr. allow, permit.
sinus, -ūs, m. bosom.
sitis, -is, f. thirst.
sīve, conj. or if;
sīve . . . sīve, whether ... or, if ... but if.
sobrius, -a, -um, sober.
societās, -ātis, f. association.
socius, -i, m. comrade, partner.
sodālis, -is, c. companion, associate.
sōl, sōlis, m. the sun.
soleo, -itus sum (2), intr. am wont, am accustomed.
sōlitūdo, -inis, f. loneliness, solitude.
sollicitātio, -ōnis, f. instigation, tampering.
sollicito (1), tr. disturb, seduce, tamper with.
sollicitus, -a, -um, anxious.
solum, -i, n. ground.
sōlus, -a, -um, alone, only;
adv. sōlum, only.
solvo, -vi, -ūtum (3), tr. loosen;
solūtus, -a, -um, weak, lax.
somnus, -i, m. sleep.
sors, -rtis, f. lot.
spargo, -si, -sum (3), tr. scatter.
speciēs, -ēi, f. appearance.
speculor (1), tr. watch, observe.
spēro (1), tr. or intr. hope.
spēs, -ei, f. hope.
spīritus, -ūs, m. breath.
spolio (1), tr. rob, deprive.
sponte, abl. f. of free will, willingly.
stabilio (4), tr. make firm, establish.
statim, adv. immediately.
statua, -ae, f. statue.
statuo, -ui, -ūtum (3), tr. set up, establish, settle, determine.
status, -ūs, m. position, constitution.
stirps, -pis, f. root, stem.
sto, steti, statum (1), intr. stand.
studeo, -ui, —— (2), intr. c. dat. strive after, aim at, desire.
studiōsus, -a, -um, eager for, having a fancy for.
studium, -i, n. aim, pursuit, desire; energy, enthusiasm.
stultus, -a, -um, foolish, dull.
stuprum, -i, n. debauchery.
suādeo, -si, -sum, intr. c. dat. urge, advise.
sub-eo, -ii, -itum, -īre, tr. undergo, suffer.
sub-icio, -iēci, -iectum (3), tr. lay under, lay near.
subiector, -ōris, m. forger.
sub-igo, -ēgi, -actum (3), tr. subdue.
subito, adv. suddenly.
subsellium, -i, n. bench.
subsidium, -i, n. help, support, appliance.
suc-cēdo, -cessi, -cessum (3), intr. c. dat. come next to, succeed.
suf-fero, sustuli, sublātum, sufferre, tr. undergo, bear.
sum, fui, esse, am.
summa, -ae, f. highest place.
summus, -a, -um, highest, greatest, most grave, most noble, most severe.
sūmo, -mpsi, -mptum (3), tr. take up, assume; inflict.
sumptuōsius, adv. more extravagantly.
sumptus, -ūs, m. expense, extravagance.
superior, -us, higher, earlier, previous, former.
supero (1), tr. overcome, overpower, surpass.
super-sum, -fui, -esse, intr. survive.
suppedito (1), tr. supply, furnish.
supplex, -icis, suppliant.
supplicātio, -ōnis, f. service of thanksgiving.
supplicium, -i, n. punishment, penalty, chastisement.
surgo, surrexi, surrectum (3), intr. rise.
sus-cipio, -cēpi, -ceptum (3), tr. undertake, take upon me.
suspectus, -a, -um, suspected.
suspīcio, -ōnis, f. suspicion.
suspicor (1), tr. or intr. suspect.
sus-tento (1), tr. uphold, support, bear.
sus-tineo, -tinui, -tentum (2), tr. bear, endure.
suus, -a, -um, his, her, its, their.
T
tabella, -ae, f. writing-tablet;
plur. letter.
taberna, -ae, f. shop.
tābesco, -bui, —— (3), intr. melt, pine, languish.
tabula, -ae, f. writing-tablet;
plur. account books;
tabulae novae, cancelling of debts.
taceo (2), intr. am silent, say nothing;
tr. say nothing of, conceal.
taciturnitās, -ātis, f. silence.
tacitus, -a, -um, silent.
taeter, -tra, -trum, foul, hideous, abominable.
tālāris, -e, reaching to the ankle.
tālis, -e, such.
tam, adv. so;
tam . . . quam, so much ... as.
tamen, adv. nevertheless, yet.
tamquam, adv. just as, as if.
tandem, adv. at length, pray.
tango, tetigi, tactum (3), tr. touch, strike.
tantus, -a, -um, so great;
tantum, -i, n. so much;
tanti, of such value, worth while;
tanto, by so much.
tardissimē, adv. very slowly, very late, latest.
tarditās, -ātis, f. slowness.
tectum, -i, n. roof, house.
tēlum, -i, n. dart, shaft, weapon.
temerē, adv. rashly, heedlessly, for nothing.
temeritās, -ātis, f. rashness.
temperantia, -ae, f. self-restraint, temperance.
tempestās, -ātis, f. storm.
templum, -i, n. consecrated ground, temple.
tempus, -oris, n. time.
tendo, tetendi, tensum or tentum (3), tr. stretch out.
tenebrae, -ārum, f. plur. darkness.
teneo, -ui, —— (2), tr. hold, hold fast, confine;
pass. am in difficulty.
tento (1), tr. make an attempt on, attempt, attack, test, tempt.
tenuis, -e, thin, poor.
termino (1), tr. bound, limit.
terminus, -i, m. limit.
terra, -ae, f. earth, land, ground.
tertius, -a, -um, third.
testāmentum, -i, n. will.
testis, -is, c. witness.
timeo, -ui, —— (2), tr. or intr. fear.
timidus, -a, -um, timid, fearful.
timor, -ōris, m. fear.
toga, -ae, f. toga (gown of civil life), gown.
togātus, -a, -um, wearing the toga.
tolerābilis, -e, endurable, bearable.
tolero (1), tr. bear, endure.
tollo, sustuli, sublātum (3), tr. raise, remove.
tot, indecl. adj. so many.
tōtus, -a, -um, whole.
tracto (1), tr. handle, manage; mē tracto, behave.
trā-do, -didi, -ditum (3), tr. hand over.
transcendo (trans-scendo), -di, -sum (3), tr. cross, pass.
trans-fero, -tuli, -lātum, -ferre, tr. carry across, transfer.
trans-igo, -ēgi, -actum (3), tr. complete, dispatch.
tribūnal, -ālis, n. judgement-seat.
tribūnus, -i, m. tribune;
tribūnus pl. (i.e. plēbis) tribune of the people, thus distinguished from e.g. a military tribune.
trīduum, -i, n. three days' time.
triumpho (1), intr. triumph.
triumphus, -i, m. triumph.
trucīdo (1), tr. slaughter, butcher.
tū, tui, thou, you;
vosmet, you yourselves.
tuba, -ae, f. trumpet.
tueor (2), tr. gaze at; maintain, support.
tum, adv. then;
after deinde, thirdly.
tumultus, -ūs, m. disturbance.
tumulus, -i, n. hillock, height, stronghold.
tunc, adv. then, at that time.
tunica, -ae, f. tunic.
turbulentus, -a, -um, restless, troublesome.
turpis, -e, base, disgraceful, shameful.
turpiter, adv. disgracefully; superl. turpissimē.
turpitūdo, -inis, f. baseness.
tūtus, -a, -um, safe; adv. tūto, in safety.
tuus, -a, -um, thy, your.
tyrannus, -i, m. despot, tyrant.
U
ūber, -eris, n. pap, teat.
ubī, adv. or conj. where, when.
ubinam, adv. where?
ulciscor, ultus sum (3), tr. punish.
ullus, -a, -um, any.
ultro, adv. voluntarily, unasked.
umquam, adv. ever.
ūnā, adv. at the same time, in company.
undique, adv. on all sides.
unguentum, -i, n. unguent, perfume.
ūnicē, adv. specially, wonderfully.
ūniversus, -a, -um, entire, whole, general.
ūnus, -a, -um, one, alone.
urbānus, -a, -um, of the city, in the city.
urbs, -bis, f. city.
usque, adv. all the time, continually; usque ad, even to.
ūsūra, -ae, f. use, enjoyment, interest.
usurpo (1), tr. use, apply.
ut or uti, adv. or conj. as, how, when;
c. subjunct. in order that, so that, that.
uterque, utraque, utrumque, each of two; plur. each of two sets.
ūtilis, -e, useful, expedient.
ūtilitās, -ātis, f. advantage, interest.
utinam, adv. would that?
ūtor, ūsus sum (3), intr. c. abl. use, enjoy, experience, find.
utrum, interrog. adv. whether (but not translated in direct questions).
uxor, -ōris, f. wife.
V
vacillo (1), intr. totter, stagger.
vacuēfacio, -fēci, -factum (3), tr. empty, clear, free.
vacuus, -a, -um, empty, free from.
vadimōnium, -i, n. bail.
vāgīna, -ae, f. sheath, scabbard.
valdē, adv. very much, exceedingly.
valeo (2), intr. have strength, have influence.
varietās, -ātis, f. difference, change.
varius, -a, -um, diverse, various.
vastātio, -ōnis, f. plundering, devastation.
vastitās, -ātis, f. devastation.
vasto (1), tr. waste, devastate.
vātēs, -is, c. soothsayer, prophet.
vectīgal, -ālis, n. tax, revenue.
vehemens, -ntis, vigorous, violent, efficacious, severe.
vehementer, adv. strongly, greatly, seriously, violently;
compar.vehementius, superl. vehementissimē.
vēlum, -i, n. veil.
vēna, -ae, f. vein.
venēficus, -i, m. poisoner.
veneror (1), tr. worship.
venio, vēni, ventum (4), intr. come.
verbum, -i, n. word.
vērē, adv. truly.
vereor (2), tr. or intr. fear.
versor (1), intr. move, dwell, abide, am concerned.
vērus,-a,-um, true;
vērum, -i, n. truth;
adv. vēro, in truth, however;
adv. or conj. vērum, truly, but in truth, but.
vespera, -ae, f. evening.
vester, -tra, -trum, your.
vestīgium, -i, n. step, track, trace; plur. ruins.
vetus, -eris, old, former.
vexātio, -ōnis, f. trouble, distress, insult.
vexo (1), tr. trouble, harass.
via, -ae, f. way, road, course.
vibro (1), tr. brandish.
vicēsimus, -a, -um, twentieth.
vīcīnus, -i, m. neighbour.
victor, -ōris, victorious.
victōria, -ae, f. victory.
vidēlicet, adv. clearly, evidently.
video, vīdi, vīsum (2), tr. or intr. see, make sure;
videor, seem, seem right.
vigilia, -ae, f. wakefulness, watch;
plur. guard, patrol.
vigilo (1), intr. keep awake, am watchful, am on the watch.
vīlis, -e, cheap, unimportant.
villa, -ae, f. country-house, farm.
vinco, vīci, victum (3), tr. or intr. conquer, outweigh.
vinculum, -i, n. chain; in plur. prison, imprisonment.
vindex, -icis, c. avenger, punisher.
vindico (1), tr. punish.
vīnum, -i, n. wine.
violo (1), tr. injure, do outrage to.
vir, viri, m. man.
virgo, -inis, f. maiden.
virtūs, -ūtis, f. manliness, courage, goodness.
vīs, vim, vi, f. force, power;
plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength.
viscera, -um, n. plur. inner parts, vitals.
vīta, -ae, f. life.
vitium, -i, n. vice, fault.
vīto (1), tr. avoid, escape.
vituperātio, -ōnis, f. blame, censure.
vīvo, -xi, -ctum (3), intr. live.
vīvus, -a, -um, alive.
vix, adv. scarcely, hardly.
vixdum, adv. scarcely yet.
voco (1), tr. call, summon.
volito (1), intr. fly about, flit about, flutter.
volo, volui, velle, tr. or intr. wish.
voluntās, -ātis, f. wish, will, intention; good-will.
voluptās, -ātis, f. pleasure, joy.
vosmet, see tu.
vōtum, -i, n. vow, prayer.
vox, vōcis, f. voice, speech, word.
vulnero (1), tr. wound.
vulnus, -eris, n. wound.
vultus, -ūs, m. countenance, features, expression.