3304 Children, 10-14 years, grades 1-8

Average grades completed % lost
Children having no physical defects 4·94
Children having enlarged glands 4·20 14·9
Children having defective vision 4·94 0
Children having defective breathing 4·58 7·2
Children having defective teeth4·65 5·9
Children having hypertrophied tonsils 4·50 8·9
Children having adenoids 4·24 14·1
Children having other defects 4·52 8·5

Cornell reports several investigations in the Psychological Clinic, January and May, 1908. Three of these, in which children were rated on the basis of grades received in school work, are here combined to show the grades of normal children, "average" children, generally defective children, those possessing adenoids and tonsils, and the deaf.

No. of cases NormalAverage General
Defective
Adenoids
& Tonsils
Adenoids Deaf
Allison 219
9th St. 64 84 21 8
Claghorn 179 252 13
Grade in language
9th St. 72·9 70·5 63·3 60
Claghorn 74·4 72·7 71·4
Grade in Arith.
9th St. 75·5 74 70 66·7
Claghorn 72 70 65·1
Grade in spelling
9th St. 75·4 72·8 64·8 65
Grade in geography
Claghorn 76·6 76·5 76·2
Average of grades
Allison 75 74 72·6 72 67
9th St. 74·6 72·4 66 63·9
Claghorn 74·3 73·1 70·8

An additional investigation of four classes in the same grammar grade of the Claghorn School gives the following results:

Class 1 Bright Class 15 Children Class 9 Dull Class 11 Dullest
Number of children 50 39 32 29
Normal 36 32 20 13
Defective 14 7 12 16
Percentage of normal 72 82 62·5 44·8

In the same article, Dr. Cornell gives the results of another study of Philadelphia schools, made in 1906. The study comprised a comparison of children exempt from examinations on account of high standing, with those not exempt. The results follow:

Exempt Normal Children Defective Non-exempt NormalChildren Defective
9th St. Primary 56 28 39 38
Rutledge School 87 35 75 34
Allison School 128 65 81 49
Camac School 183 71 103 75
Claghorn School193 61127 66
647260425262
Percentage Defective 28·8 38·1

When the four classes of bright and dull children were examined again, and the different sorts of defects compared for the groups, enlarged tonsils, adenoids, deafness, and nasal catarrh, were found to occur much more frequently among the two classes of duller children.

Class 1 Bright Class 15 Children Class 9 Dull Class 11 Dullest
Number of children 50 39 32 29
Nose and throat conditions, number defective 6 4 9 9
Tonsils 3 4 3 3
Adenoids 2 1 5 6
Deaf 2 5 1
Catarrh 2 3
Percentage of children, nose and throat defects 12 10·2 28·1 31