The Case for Birth Control: A Supplementary Brief and Statement of Facts

by Margaret Sanger

Table XII.—Distribution of Results of Reportable Pregnancies (Live Births and Stillbirths) and Miscarriages, According to Number per Mother and Age of Mother at Each Pregnancy.
NUMBER OF REPORTABLE PREGNANCIES AND AGE OF MOTHER AT BIRTH OF BABY BORN IN 1911.	REPORTABLE PREGNANCIES.				LIVE BIRTHS.		BABIES DYING IN FIRST YEAR.			STILLBIRTHS.			MISCARRIAGES.
	Total.	Resulting births.		Number of mothers.	Number.	Number of mothers.	Number.	Number of mothers.	Infant mortality rate.	Number.	Number of mothers.	Per cent. of all births	Number reported.	Mothers reporting.
		Number.	Excess over pregnancies.[[39]]											Number.	Per cent. of all mothers.
All married mothers	5,554	5,617	63	1,491	5,363	1,465	804	509	149.9	254	194	4.5	191	130	8.7
Under 20 years	107	108	1	89	96	81	12	11	125.0	12	12	11.1
20 to 24 years	933	946	13	461	908	456	140	115	154.2	38	29	4.0	19	18	3.9
25 to 29 years	1,316	1,329	13	395	1,261	389	185	132	146.7	68	55	5.1	46	27	6.8
30 to 39 years	2,570	2,595	25	466	2,480	459	382	207	154.0	115	84	4.4	95	66	14.2
40 years and over	628	639	11	80	618	80	85	44	137.5	21	14	3.3	31	19	23.8
Average age: 28 years.
1 reportable pregnancy	339	343	4	339	322	318	35	34	108.7	21	21	6.1	8	8	2.4
Under 20 years	74	75	1	74	67	66	8	7	119.4	8	8	10.7
20 to 24 years	178	179	1	178	176	175	18	18	102.3	3	3	1.7	3	3	1.7
25 to 29 years	57	58	1	57	54	53	4	4	74.1	4	4	6.9	3	3	5.3
30 to 39 years	30	31	1	30	25	24	5	5	([[40]])	6	6	([[40]])	2	2	([[40]])
Average age: 23 years.
2 reportable pregnancies	566	576	10	283	544	279	59	54	108.5	3	28	5.6	23	16	5.7
Under 20 years	24	24		12	21	12	3	3	([[40]])	3	3	([[40]])
20 to 24 years	312	317	5	156	302	154	42	37	139.1	15	13	4.7	6	6	3.8
25 to 29 years	148	151	3	74	141	73	9	9	63.8	10	9	6.6	5	3	4.1
30 to 39 years	78	80	2	39	76	38	5	5	65.8	4	3	5.0	12	7	([[40]])
40 years and over	4	4		2	4	2
Average age: 25 years.
3 reportable pregnancies	642	650	8	214	626	214	92	75	147.0	24	23	3.7	26	18	8.4
Under 20 years	9	9		3	8	3	1	1	([[40]])	1	1	([[40]])
20 to 24 years	231	234	3	77	227	77	40	31	176.2	7	6	3.0	7	6	7.8
25 to 29 years	285	288	3	95	277	95	41	33	148.0	11	11	3.8	14	7	7.4
30 to 39 years	108	110	2	36	105	36	8	8	76.2	5	5	4.5	4	4	([[40]])
40 years and over	9	9		3	9	3	2	2	([[40]])				1	1	([[40]])
Average age: 26 years.
4 reportable pregnancies	744	752	8	186	723	186	78	64	107.9	29	21	3.9	22	18	9.7
20 to 24 years	156	160	4	39	148	39	28	21	189.2	12	6	7.5	3	3	([[40]])
25 to 29 years	300	301	1	75	290	75	26	23	89.7	11	10	3.7	10	6	8.0
30 to 39 years	252	255	3	63	249	63	21	17	84.3	6	5	2.4	6	6	9.5
40 years and over	36	36		9	36	9	3	3	([[40]])				3	3	([[40]])
Average age: 29 years.
5 reportable pregnancies	735	740	5	147	704	147	103	67	146.3	36	31	4.9	20	14	9.5
20 to 24 years	50	50		10	49	10	9	7	183.7	1	1	2.0
25 to 29 years	280	283	3	56	266	56	51	31	191.7	17	15	6.0	6	4	7.1
30 to 39 years	375	377	2	75	361	75	40	27	110.8	16	14	4.2	12	8	10.7
40 years and over	30	30		6	28	6	3	2	([[40]])	2	1	([[40]])	2	2	([[40]])
Average age: 30 years.
6 reportable pregnancies	564	568	4	94	546	93	88	60	161.2	22	13	3.9	23	14	14.9
20 to 24 years	6	6		1	6	1	3	1	([[40]])
25 to 29 years	132	133	1	22	127	21	23	17	181.1	6	1	4.5	6	3	([[40]])
30 to 39 years	360	362	2	60	347	60	54	36	155.6	15	11	4.1	13	9	15.0
40 years and over	66	67	1	11	66	11	8	6	121.2	1	1	1.5	4	2	([[40]])
Average age: 33 years.
7 reportable pregnancies	581	586	5	83	555	83	78	48	140.5	31	22	5.3	27	15	18.1
25 to 29 years	98	99	1	14	90	14	23	13	255.6	9	5	10.0	2	1	([[40]])
30 to 39 years	392	395	3	56	377	56	45	28	119.4	18	15	4.6	19	11	19.6
40 years and over	91	92	1	13	88	13	10	7	113.6	4	2	4.3	6	3	([[40]])
Average age: 34 years.
8 reportable pregnancies	432	437	5	54	426	54	95	42	223.0	11	7	2.5	15	9	16.7
25 to 29 years	16	16		2	16	2	8	2	([[40]])
30 to 39 years	408	413	5	51	403	51	87	40	215.9	10	6	2.4	15	9	17.6
40 years and over	8	8		1	7	1				1	1	([[40]])
Average age: 35 years.
9 reportable pregnancies	297	299	2	33	283	33	41	20	144.9	16	11	5.4	13	8	24.2
30 to 39 years	207	208	1	23	195	23	32	15	164.1	13	8	6.3	5	4	([[40]])
40 years and over	90	91	1	10	88	10	9	5	102.3	3	3	3.3	8	4	([[40]])
Average age: 37 years.
10 or more reportable pregnancies	654	666	12	([[41]])58	634	58	135	45	212.9	32	17	4.8	14	10	17.2
30 to 39 years	360	364	4	33	342	33	85	26	248.5	22	11	6.0	7	6	([[40]])
40 years and over	294	302	8	25	292	25	50	19	171.2	10	6	3.3	7	4	([[40]])
Average age: 39 years.

[39]. Excess of births over pregnancies due to plural births.

[40]. Rate not computed because of small base.

[41]. Includes 21 having 10 pregnancies; 16 having 11; 11 having 12; 6 having 13; 3 having 14; 1 having 16.

Table XIII.—Distribution of Results of Reportable Pregnancies (Live Births and Stillbirths) and Miscarriages, According to Number per Mother and Husband’s Earnings.
SPECIFIED NUMBER OF PREGNANCIES FOR ALL MARRIED MOTHERS AND ANNUAL EARNINGS OF HUSBAND.	REPORTABLE PREGNANCIES.				LIVE BIRTHS.		BABIES DYING IN FIRST YEAR.			STILLBIRTHS.			MISCARRIAGES.
	Total.	Resulting births.		Number of mothers.	Number.	Number of mothers.	Number.	Number of mothers.	Infant mortality rate.	Number.	Number of mothers.	Per cent. of all births	Number reported.	Mothers reporting.
		Number.	Excess over pregnancies.[[42]]											Number.	Per cent. of all mothers.
All reportable pregnancies	5,554	5,617	63	1,491	5,363	1,465	804	149.9	509	254	194	4.5	191	130	8.7
Husband earns:
Under $521	938	946	8	233	902	227	178	197.3	110	44	31	4.7	27	17	7.31
$521 to $624	691	700	9	174	668	173	129	193.1	75	32	25	4.6	22	14	8.0
$625 to $779	816	826	10	229	797	227	130	163.1	88	29	21	3.5	21	15	6.6
$780 to $899	611	616	5	166	588	163	99	168.4	61	28	23	4.5	30	19	11.4
$900 to $1,199	574	581	7	146	548	143	78	142.3	48	33	24	5.7	25	18	12.3
$1,200 and over	196	199	3	50	186	49	30	161.3	18	13	9	6.5	8	6	12.0
Ample[[43]]	1,728	1,749	21	493	1,674	483	160	95.6	109	75	61	4.3	58	41	8.3
1 reportable pregnancy	339	343	4	339	322	318	35	108.7	34	21	21	6.1	8	8	2.4
Husband earns:
Under $521	48	48		48	43	43	11		11	5	5
$521 to $624	23	23		23	22	22	2		2	1	1		1	1
$625 to $779	46	48	2	46	46	44	6		5	2	2		2	2
$780 to $899	35	35		35	32	32	3		3	3	3
$900 to $1,199	38	39	1	38	36	35	4		4	3	3
$1,200 and over	13	13		13	13	13	1		1
Ample[[43]]	136	137	1	136	130	129	8	61.5	8	7	7	5.1	5	5
2 reportable pregnancies	566	576	10	283	544	279	59	108.5	54	32	28	5.6	23	16	5.7
Husband earns:
Under $521	62	64	2	31	62	31	11	176.4	11	2	2	3.1
$521 to $624	72	74	2	36	68	36	8	177.6	6	6	6	8.1	3	1
$625 to $779	110	111	1	55	108	55	17	157.4	16	3	3	2.7	2	2	4.4
$780 to $899	56	56		28	53	28	9	169.8	7	3	3	5.4	4	2
$900 to $1,199	46	46		23	41	23	2		2	5	5		4	4
$1,200 and over	16	16		8	14	7	1		1	2	1		1	1
Ample[[43]]	204	209	5	102	198	99	11	55.6	11	11	8	5.3	9	6	5.9
3 reportable pregnancies	642	650	8	214	626	214	92	147.0	75	24	23	3.7	26	18	8.4
Husband earns:
Under $521	114	115	1	38	110	38	27	245.5	23	5	4	4.3	5	3
$521 to $624	102	104	2	34	101	34	16	158.4	13	3	3	1.9	1	1
$625 to $779	84	84		28	82	28	13	158.5	11	2	2	2.4	3	2
$780 to $899	87	87		29	83	29	6	72.3	6	4	4	4.6	5	4
$900 to $1,199	57	58	1	19	55	19	11	200.0	8	3	3	5.2	7	3
$1,200 and over	6	7	1	2	7	2	1		1
Ample[[43]]	192	195	3	64	188	64	18	95.7	13	7	7	3.6	5	5	7.8
4 reportable pregnancies	744	752	8	186	723	186	78	107.9	64	29	21	3.9	22	18	9.7
Husband earns:
Under $521	104	104		26	101	26	13	128.7	9	3	2	1.9	4	2
$521 to $624	88	89	1	22	86	22	10	116.3	9	3	1	3.4	2	2
$625 to $779	136	137	1	34	129	34	19	147.3	15	8	6	5.8	3	2
$780 to $899	96	97	1	24	95	24	13	136.8	12	2	1	2.1	3	3
$900 to $1,199	56	58	2	14	55	14	4	72.7	2	3	1	5.2	2	2
$1,200 and over	40	41	1	10	39	10	5		4	2	2		2	2
Ample[[43]]	224	226	2	56	218	56	14	64.2	13	8	8	3.5	6	5	8.9
5 reportable pregnancies	735	740	5	147	704	147	103	146.3	67	36	31	4.9	20	14	9.5
Husband earns:
Under $521	130	131	1	26	125	26	21	168.0	12	6	6	4.6	3	3
$521 to $624	90	91	1	18	85	18	20	235.3	12	6	5	6.6	3	1
$625 to $779	100	100		20	99	20	18	181.8	13	1	1	1.0	3	2
$780 to $899	110	110		22	106	22	13	122.6	8	4	4	3.6	3	2
$900 to $1,199	65	66	1	13	60	13	6	100.0	5	6	4	10.0
$1,200 and over	30	30		6	26	6	10		6	4	3		2	1
Ample[[43]]	210	212	2	42	203	42	15	73.9	11	9	8	4.2	6	5
6 reportable pregnancies	564	568	4	94	546	93	88	161.2	60	22	13	3.9	23	14	14.9
Husband earns:
Under $521	132	132		22	124	21	26	209.7	14	8	3	6.1	2	2
$521 to $624	60	60		10	59	10	9	152.5	8	1	1	1.7	6	2
$625 to $779	114	115	1	19	110	19	14	127.3	11	5	2	4.3	3	2
$780 to $899	48	48		8	48	8	7		6				4	2
$900 to $1,199	72	74	2	12	70	12	12	171.4	9	4	3	5.4	4	3
$1,200 and over	12	12		2	11	2	3		1	1	1
Ample[[43]]	126	127	1	21	124	21	17	137.1	11	3	3	2.4	4	3
7 reportable pregnancies	581	586	5	83	555	83	78	140.5	48	31	22	5.3	27	15	78.1
Husband earns:
Under $521	91	92	1	13	88	13	13	147.7	8	4	4	4.3	4	2
$521 to $624	56	56		8	51	8	15	294.1	6	5	4	8.9	1	1
$625 to $779	98	101	3	14	97	14	16	164.9	9	4	3	4.0
$780 to $899	35	35		5	32	5	6		5	3	2		3	1
$900 to $1,199	84	84		12	79	12	7	88.6	5	5	2	6.0	5	3
$1,200 and over	21	22	1	3	22	3	1		1				2	1
Ample[[43]]	196	196		8	186	28	20	107.5	14	10	7	5.1	12	7
8 reportable pregnancies	432	437	5	54	426	54	95	223.0	42	11	7	2.5	15	9	16.7
Husband earns:
Under $521	120	120		15	117	15	31	265.0	12	3	2	2.5	5	2
$521 to $624	96	98	2	12	94	12	22	234.0	10	4	2	4.1	1	1
$625 to $779	40	41	1	5	41	5	11		4				2	1
$780 to $899	48	49	1	6	46	6	11		5	3	2		5	3
$900 to $1,199	24	24		3	24	3	6		3				1	1
$1,200 and over	16	16		2	16	2	3		2				1	1
Ample[[43]]	88	89	1	11	88	11	11	125.0	6	1	1	1.1
9 reportable pregnancies	297	299	2	33	283	33	41	144.9	20	16	11	5.4	13	8
Husband earns:
Under $521	81	82	1	9	80	9	15	187.5	6	2	2	2.4	3	2
$521 to $624	72	72		8	70	8	10	142.9	6	2	1	2.8	3	3
$625 to $779	18	18		2	15	2				3	1		1	1
$780 to $899	18	19	1	2	17	2	5		2	2	2
$900 to $1,199	18	18		2	18	2	2		2
$1,200 and over	18	18		2	16	2				2	1
Ample[[43]]	72	72		8	67	8	9	134.3	4	5	4	6.9	6	2
10 or more reportable pregnancies	654	666	12	58	634	58	135	212.9	45	32	17	4.8	14	10	17.2
Husband earns:
Under $521	56	58	2	5	52	5	10	192.3	4	6	1	10.3	1	1
$521 to $624	32	33	1	3	32	3	17		3	1	1		1	1
$625 to $779	70	71	1	6	70	6	16	228.6	4	1	1	1.4	2	1
$780 to $899	78	80	2	7	76	7	26	342.1	7	4	2	5.0	3	2
$900 to $1,199	114	114		10	110	10	24	218.2	8	4	3	3.5	2	2
$1,200 and over	24	24		2	22	2	5		1	2	1	8.3
Ample[[43]]	280	286	6	25	272	25	37	136.0	18	14	8	4.9	5	3

[42]. Excess of births over pregnancies due to plural births.

[43]. See note on page [45].

Table XIV.—Distribution According to Number of Pregnancies and Age Groups of Married Mothers Classified by Nativity.
MOTHER’S AGE AND NUMBER OF REPORTABLE PREGNANCIES.	ALL MOTHERS.		NATIVE MOTHERS.		FOREIGN MOTHERS.
	Number.	Per cent.	Number.	Per cent.	Number.	Per cent.
Total pregnancies	1,491	100.0	816	100.0	675	100.0
1	339	22.7	234	28.7	105	15.6
2	283	19.0	173	21.2	110	16.3
3	214	14.4	111	13.6	103	15.3
4	186	12.5	94	11.5	92	13.6
5	147	9.8	65	8.0	82	12.1
6	94	6.3	37	4.5	57	8.4
7	83	5.6	38	4.7	45	6.7
8	54	3.6	23	2.8	31	4.6
9	33	2.2	13	1.6	20	3.0
10 and over	58	3.9	28	3.4	30	4.4
Under 20 years, total pregnancies	89	100.0	66	100.0	23	100.0
1	74	83.1	55	83.3	19	82.6
2	12	13.5	10	15.2	2	8.7
3	3	3.4	1	1.5	2	8.7
20 to 24 years, total pregnancies	461	100.0	261	100.0	200	100.0
1	178	38.6	114	43.7	64	32.0
2	156	33.8	86	33.0	70	35.0
3	77	16.7	42	16.1	35	17.5
4	39	8.5	14	5.4	25	12.5
5	10	2.2	4	1.5	6	3.0
6	1	.2	1	0.4
25 to 29 years, total pregnancies	395	100.0	199	100.0	196	100.0
1	57	14.5	45	22.6	12	6.1
2	74	18.7	46	23.1	28	14.3
3	95	24.1	40	20.1	55	28.1
4	75	19.0	40	20.1	35	17.9
5	56	14.2	17	8.5	39	19.9
6	22	5.6	7	3.6	15	7.7
7	14	3.5	4	2.0	10	5.1
8	2	.4			2	1.0
30 to 39 years, total pregnancies	466	100.0	245	100.0	221	100.0
1	30	6.4	20	8.2	10	4.5
2	39	8.4	29	11.8	10	4.5
3	36	7.7	25	10.2	11	5.0
4	63	13.5	33	13.5	30	13.6
5	75	16.1	40	16.3	35	15.8
6	60	12.9	24	9.8	36	16.3
7	56	12.0	28	11.4	28	12.7
8	51	10.9	23	9.4	28	12.7
9	23	4.9	8	3.3	15	6.8
10 and over	33	7.1	15	6.1	18	8.1
40 years and over, total pregnancies	80	100.0	45	100.0	35	100.0
2	2	2.5	2	4.4
3	3	3.8	3	6.7
4	9	11.3	7	15.6	2	5.7
5	6	7.5	4	8.9	2	5.7
6	11	13.8	5	11.1	6	17.1
7	13	16.3	6	13.3	7	20.0
8	1	1.3			1	2.9
9	10	12.5	5	11.1	5	14.3
10 and over	25	31.3	13	28.9	12	34.3

Table XV.—Distribution of Married Mothers by Losses Sustained, According to Nativity of Mother and Number of Possible Losses.
NUMBER OF BIRTHS OR POSSIBLE LOSSES AND NATIVITY OF MOTHER.		DISTRIBUTION OF MOTHERS ACCORDING TO NUMBER OF LOSSES.
	Number of mothers.	1 loss.	2 losses.	3 losses.	4 losses.	5 losses.	6 losses.	8 losses.	10 or more losses.
All mothers	1,491	399	121	60	24	13	8	1	2
1 birth	335	53
2 births	277	67	10
3 births	216	73	14	4
4 births	187	55	13	8	1
5 births	148	48	19	11	1	2
6 births	96	44	13	8	2	1	2
7 births	82	22	19	10	2		1
8 births	54	18	8	10	4	2	2
9 births	36	9	10	5	1	1	2
10 or more births	60	10	15	4	13	7	1	1	2
Native mothers	816	199	59	19	5	6	1	1
1 birth	232	29
2 births	170	36	5
3 births	111	35	7	1
4 births	98	33	6	3
5 births	65	19	10	4
6 births	38	19	7	1		1
7 births	37	10	8	3			1
8 births	21	8	5	3
9 births	15	4	4	3	1
10 or more births	29	6	7	1	4	5		1
Foreign mothers	675	200	62	41	19	7	7		2
1 birth	103	24
2 births	107	31	5
3 births	105	38	7	3
4 births	89	22	7	5	1
5 births	83	29	9	7	1	2
6 births	58	25	6	7	2		2
7 births	45	12	11	7	2
8 births	33	10	3	7	4	2	2
9 births	21	5	6	2		1	2
10 or more births	31	4	8	3	9	2	1		2

Population, Registered Births, Deaths of Infants under 1 Year of Age, and Infant Mortality Rates for Registration States and Registration Cities having a Population of at Least 50,000 in 1910.
AREA.			DEATHS[[44]] OF INFANTS UNDER 1 YEAR OF AGE.
	Population in 1910.	Births.[[45]]	Number.	Per 1000 births.[[46]]
REGISTRATION STATES.
Connecticut	1,114,756	27,291	3,476	127
Maine	742,371	15,578	2,108	135
Massachusetts	3,366,416	86,765	11,377	131
Michigan	2,810,173	63,566	7,912	124
New Hampshire	430,572	9,385	1,373	146
Pennsylvania	7,665,111	202,631	28,377	140
Rhode Island	542,610	([[47]])6,595	([[47]])1,111	([[47]])168
Vermont	355,956	7,343	791	168
REGISTRATION CITIES OF 50,000 POPULATION OR OVER IN 1910.
Connecticut:
Bridgeport	102,054	2,976	367	123
Hartford	98,915	2,411	286	119
New Haven	133,605	3,772	406	108
Waterbury	73,141	2,150	320	149
Washington, D. C.	331,069	7,016	1,068	152
Portland, Me.	58,571	1,163	167	144
Massachusetts:
Boston	670,585	17,760	2,246	126
Brockton	56,878	1,359	134	99
Cambridge	104,839	2,462	293	119
Fall River	119,295	4,591	854	186
Holyoke	57,730	1,702	362	213
Lawrence	85,892	3,165	529	167
Lowell	106,294	2,630	607	231
Lynn	89,336	2,218	216	97
New Bedford	96,652	3,873	685	177
Somerville	77,236	1,728	174	101
Springfield	88,926	2,438	302	124
Worcester	145,986	3,918	536	137
Michigan:
Detroit	465,766	11,960	2,138	179
Grand Rapids	112,571	2,693	329	122
Saginaw	50,510	897	130	145
Manchester, N. H.	70,063	1,939	375	193
New York, N. Y.	4,766,883	129,316	6,159	125
Bronx Borough	430,980	10,926	11,047	96
Brooklyn Borough	1,634,351	43,128	5,063	117
Manhattan Borough	2,331,542	66,112	8,900	135
Queens Borough	284,041	7,095	865	122
Richmond Borough	85,969	2,055	284	138
Pennsylvania:
Allentown	51,913	1,406	202	144
Altoona	52,127	1,392	166	119
Erie	66,525	1,713	197	116
Harrisburg	64,186	1,308	169	129
Johnstown	55,482	1,628	268	165
Philadelphia	1,549,008	38,666	5,334	138
Pittsburgh	533,905	15,059	2,259	150
Reading	96,071	2,370	336	142
Scranton	129,867	3,512	520	148
Wilkes-Barre	67,105	1,840	269	146
Rhode Island:
Pawtucket	51,622	([[48]])	191	([[48]])
Providence	224,326	([[48]])	827	([[48]])