Accordingly it is about one-third of the trunk.
The circumference of the neck is also taken, for it shows whether the neck is slender or thick; and this often bears a relation to the degree of development of the thyroid gland.
In my work upon the women of Latium I have shown that the small, dark women have a longer and more flexible neck than those who are fair and of tall stature. Therefore this is a racial difference, similar to the difference we have already noted for types of stature. The macrosceles have a long and slender neck, and the opposite is found in the case of the brachysceles; consequently, a very long neck is an indication of a weak constitution.
FOOTNOTES:
[36] See the application to pathological surgery of this anatomo-physiological condition of the cranium, as given by Tillaux, Anatomia topografica.
[37] Broca gives, not as mean averages, but as extreme limits, 70.0 for dolichocephalics (Tasmanians) and 90 for brachycephalics (natives of the Sandwich Islands).
[38] Bonnifay, On the development of the Head from the point of view of cephalometrical measurements taken after birth. Thesis, Lyons, 1897.
[39] Montessori, Sui caratteri antropometrici in relazione alle gerarchie dei fanciulli nelle scuole, p. 51. ("Anthropometric characteristics in relation to the grading of children in schools").
[40] Lombroso (who died while this book was in press) defended the principle of the innate inferiority of woman and regarded her, in comparison with man, as a case of infantile arrest of development.