The form may be oblique, in degenerate mongoloid types.
A notable anomaly consists in a union of the eyebrows, which meet and form an unbroken line across the region of the glabella. The "united eyebrows" constitute a grave sign of degeneration, and are popularly regarded in Italy as a mark of the "jettatura" or "evil eye."
Beard.—It may be very thick or very thin. Too thick a beard is important, especially if the hairs are also abundant on the cheeks and even on the forehead, a characteristic that is frequently accompanied by an abundant growth of hair over the entire body (general hypertrichosis).
A thin beard and moustache may constitute a normal characteristic in certain races, such as the Kaffirs and other African negro tribes; as also in the Chinese. In our own race, on the contrary, it is an abnormal characteristic, which has been interpreted as a sexual inversion (feminism) and is met with frequently among thieves.
Morphological Analysis of Certain Organs (Stigmata)
In our morphological analysis of certain organs, we shall have occasion to enumerate a number of separate malformations, to the study of which criminal anthropology has devoted much attention. Since many of these are met with in children, we will make a rapid enumeration of them, but must keep in mind that the ability to distinguish the abnormal form from the normal requires practice in the actual observation of subjects, while mere verbal descriptions may lead to false and confusing impressions.
SYNOPTIC CHART
| Eyes | position | |
| rima palpebrarum or eye-slit | high type | |
| low type | ||
| size of eye-ball | macrophthalmia | |
| microphthalmia | ||
| exophthalmia | ||
| sclerotic coat | ||
| foramina (pupils) | miosis | |
| mydriasis | ||
| anisocoria | ||
| Ears | asymmetrics | position |
| form | ||
| malformations | Wildermuth's ear | |
| embryonal ear | ||
| Morel's ear | ||
| handle-shaped ear | ||
| crumpled ear | ||
| canine ear, etc. | ||
| Nose | types | leptorrhine |
| platyrrhine | ||
| mesorrhine | ||
| anomalies | flat | |
| crooked | ||
| trilobate | ||
| Buccal apparatus | lips | simian mouth |
| negroid mouth | ||
| hare-lip, etc. | ||
| teeth | number | |
| dimensions | ||
| form | ||
| diastemata | ||
| irregular position | ||
| tongue | macroglossia | |
| microglossia | ||
| palate | ogival (pointed arch) | |
| cleft | ||
Generalities.—Passing on to a more minute study of form, we shall have to invade the field of human æsthetics. The proportions of the body are all determined, in respect to their harmony; and especially admirable is the harmony existing between the principal parts of the human physiognomy. Artists know that in a regular face the length of the eye is equal to the interocular distance, or to the width of the nose, while the latter stands to the width of the mouth in a ratio of 2 to 3. The length of the external ear remains, at all ages, exactly equal to the sum of the width of the two eyes.