Lino Ferriani is the first jurist to investigate the antecedents of juvenile delinquents, by gathering notes not only regarding their parents, but also in regard to their own school standing (by consulting the teachers in the schools where these juvenile criminals received their education!). I have extracted from his volume on "Precocious and senile delinquency" the following statistics of the physico-moral condition of the parents:

Convicted of crimes against property1,237
Convicted of crimes against the person543
Addicted to wine2,006
Women leading meretricious lives581
Doubtful reputation1,500
Very bad reputation670
Good reputation210
Industrious1,888
Semi-idle4,000
Idle2,000
Sentenced for drunkenness1,590
Sentenced for offences against public morals240
Alcoholics1,001
Confined in lunatic asylums48
Mothers deflowered before the age of 151,560
Couples separated through fault of the husband59
Couples separated through fault of the wife69
Couples separated through fault of both parties135

Among these notes there is a numerical preponderance of idlers (the idle and semi-idle: degenerates are weaklings who cannot work and who shun work; their only form of work is crime, which is an attempt to reap the fruit of other people's industry) and alcoholism (addicted to wine, alcoholics, and those sentenced for drunkenness; this also is a stigma of degeneration: weaklings have recourse to alcohol, because it gives them an illusion of strength). Furthermore, the majority show, through crime and prostitution, that they belong to the class of social parasites.

In regard to the psycho-physical characteristics of juvenile offenders, Ferriani gives these principal notes:

Nervous1,250
Habitual liars3,000
Fond of wine and gluttonous2,501
Proud of delinquency2,700
Blasphemers3,900
Cruel to animals2,100
Excessive emaciation1,648
Long hands1,650
Unreliable workers2,195
Without interest in life1,347
Desirous of authority1,000
Scrofulous700
Rachitic and syphilitic500
Vindictive842
Timid and cowardly900
Obscene900
Cruel to parents700
Cruel to companions700

And now we come to the most interesting part of all, namely, the notes taken by teachers where these children went to school.

Boys.—Age from ten to twelve years. Characteristic notes on 100 children in regard to bad conduct:

Humiliating poorer companions2
Absolute refusal to obey4
Corrupting companions4
Mutilating books of poor companions2
Spirit of rebellion1
Malicious and headstrong1
Resentful of routine1
Stealing food at expense of companions6
Abnormally spiteful4
Impertinent answers7
Proud of inventing misdeeds2
Stealing from companions and teacher (school stationary, etc.)10
Calumniating companions6
Desire to play the spy8
Obscene writings in toilet room2
Obscene writings in copy-books6
Obscene actions in the school-room9
Obscene writings on the benches3
Violence with a weapon (pen-knife)2
Bullying smaller boys12
Feigning loss of speech for a month, to avoid reciting lessons1
Blaspheming1
Afraid of everything and savagely vindictive1
Frequently absent from school, to play games of chance3
Spirit of destruction1
Spirit of contradiction1

Girls.—Age from ten to twelve years. Characteristic notes on 50 children in regard to bad conduct: