449. Notice that the first two sentences given in the exercise below are imperative sentences,—the subject, the pronoun you, being omitted so that the entire sentence is the complete predicate. As for example: Take the place which belongs to you. The omitted subject is the pronoun you. Take the place which belongs to you is the complete predicate, made up of the simple predicate take; its object, the noun place; the adjective the, and the adjective clause, which belongs to you, both of which modify the noun place.

Exercise 6

Using the outline given above, analyze the following complex sentences.

  1. Take the place which belongs to you.
  2. Let us believe that brave deeds will never die.
  3. The orator knows that the greatest ideas should be expressed in the simplest words.
  4. Gratitude is the fairest flower that sheds its perfume in the human heart.
  5. Children should be taught that it is their duty to think for themselves.
  6. We will be slaves as long as we are ignorant.
  7. We must teach our fellow men that honor comes from within.
  8. Cause and effect cannot be severed for the effect already blooms in the cause.
  9. Men measure their esteem of each other by what each has.
  10. Our esteem should be measured by what each is.
  11. What I must do is all that concerns me.
  12. The great man is he who, in the midst of the crowd, keeps the independence of solitude.
  13. The only right is what is after my constitution.
  14. Whoso would be a man must be a non-conformist.
  15. They who build on ideas build for eternity.

Exercise 7

We have studied all the parts of speech, and now our work is to combine these parts for the expression of thought. It will be good practice and very helpful to us to mark these different parts of speech in our reading. This helps us to grow familiar with their use. It also helps us to add words to our vocabulary and to learn how to use them correctly. In the following quotation, mark underneath each word, the name of every part of speech. Use n. for noun, v. for verb, pro. for pronoun, adv. for adverb, adj. for adjective, p. for preposition and c. for conjunction. Write v. p. under the verb phrases. For example:

Theworkersoftheworlddonothave,
adj. n. p. adj. n. v.p.adv. v.p.
underthissystem,verymanyopportunities
p. adj. n.adv.adj.n.
forrestandpleasurefor themselves.
p.n.c.n.p.pro.

Mark in this manner every part of speech in the following quotation:

The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles.

Freeman and slave, patrician and plebeian, lord and serf, guildmaster and journeyman,—in a word, oppressor and oppressed,—stood in constant opposition to one another, carried on an uninterrupted, now hidden, now open fight, a fight that each time ended, either in a revolutionary re-constitution of society at large, or in the common ruin of the contending classes.

In the earlier epochs of history, we find almost everywhere a complicated arrangement of society into various orders, a manifold gradation of social rank. In ancient Rome we have patricians, knights, plebeians, slaves; in the middle ages, feudal lords, vassals, guild-masters, journeymen, apprentices, serfs; in almost all of these classes, again, subordinate gradations.

The modern bourgeois society, that has sprouted from the ruins of feudal society, has not done away with class antagonisms. It has but established new classes, new conditions of oppression, new forms of struggle in place of the old ones. —Communist Manifesto.