| Present Perfect Time | Past Perfect Time | Future Perfect Time |
|---|---|---|
| I have seen | I had seen | I shall have seen |
130. It is wonderful how a knowledge of words and their uses enables us to express so many shades of meaning. It is like our development in observing colors. You know the savage always admires vivid reds and greens and blues. He does not yet see the beautiful shades and gradations of color. We enjoy the delicate pinks and blues and all the varying shades between the primal seven colors of the spectrum. And as we develop our artistic ability we see and enjoy all the beauties of color.
In music too, we observe the same development. The barbarian enjoys loud, crashing, discordant sounds which he calls music, but which to the educated ear are only harsh noises. The trained musician catches the delicate overtones and undertones and finds deepest ecstasy in sounds which the uneducated ear does not even catch. So as we study words and their uses, we find ourselves able to express shades of meaning, to paint our word pictures, not in gaudy, glaring chromo-tints, but in the wondrous blending of color that reveals the true artist.
Now get these modes of expressing time firmly fixed in your mind.
131. Let us get all we have learned about verbs into a summary and have it clearly in mind.
VERBS—SUMMARY
Two Classes
| Complete— | Taking no complement. | |
| Incomplete— | { | Verbs of action requiring object. |
| Copulative verbs requiring complement. | ||
Inflection—Changes of Form
| Simple Form | S-Form | Past Time | Present Part. | Past Part. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| see | sees | saw | seeing | seen |