PARTICIPLE.
The passive or past participle terminates in ado in the first conjugation, and in ido in the second and third. It changes its termination according to the number and gender of the person it refers to; except when it follows immediately after the verb haber, or any other auxiliary, in which case it does not admit of any change.
All passive participles that do not terminate in ado or ido are called irregular; such are the following, from the verbs—
| To open, abrir, abierto. | To print, imprimir, impreso. |
| To cover, cubrir, cubierto. | To die, morir, muerto. |
| To say, decir, dicho. | To solve, solver, suelto. |
| To write, escribir, escrito. | To see, ver, visto. |
| To fry, freir, frito. | To put, poner, puesto. |
| To do, hacer, hecho. | To turn, volver, vuelto. |
| Their compounds have the same irregularity. | |
Obs. 8. The participles past of haber, ser, estar, and tener, do not admit any variation. The first and the last had it formerly.
VERBS THAT HAVE TWO PARTICIPLES.
There are some verbs that have two passive participles, the one regular and the other irregular. Such are:—To bless, bendecir, bendecido, bendito; to compel, compeler, compelido, compulso; to convert, convertir, convertido, converso; to awake, despertar, despertado, despierto; to elect, elegir, elegido, electo; to express, expresar, expresado, expreso; to fix, fijar, fijado, fijo; to satiate, hartar, hartado, harto; to include, incluir, incluido, incluso; to join, juntar, juntado junto; to arrest, prender, prendido, preso; to provide, proveer, proveido, provisto; to break, romper, rompido, roto; to loosen, soltar, soltado, suelto; to suspend, suspender, suspendido, suspenso, &c.
The regular participles of these verbs are used to form the compound tenses with haber; as,
He has awaked early. | El ha dispertado temprano.