PRESIDENT OF PERU

I Dedicate The Old and The New Peru

WITH SENTIMENTS OF ADMIRATION AND ESTEEM

THE AUTHOR

CONTENTS

PAGE
DEDICATION [5]
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS [9]
INTRODUCTION [13]
CHAPTER I
ANCIENT PERU—PRE-INCAIC MONUMENTS [17]
CHAPTER II
THE RISE OF THE CUZCO DYNASTY [35]
CHAPTER III
THE VAST EMPIRE OF THE INCAS [53]
CHAPTER IV
THE SPANISH DISCOVERY AND INVASION UNDER PIZARRO [65]
CHAPTER V
THE CONQUEST OF PERU [77]
CHAPTER VI
THE REIGN OF THE VICEROYS [93]
CHAPTER VII
THE CHURCH IN COLONIAL DAYS [113]
CHAPTER VIII
THE OVERTHROW OF SPANISH AUTHORITY [127]
CHAPTER IX
PERU UNDER REPUBLICAN GOVERNMENT [145]
CHAPTER X
THE ADMINISTRATION OF PRESIDENT JOSÉ PARDO [163]
CHAPTER XI
THE POLITICAL ORGANIZATION OF THE REPUBLIC [177]
CHAPTER XII
THE CITY OF THE KINGS AND ITS BEAUTIFUL SUBURBS [187]
CHAPTER XIII
PERUVIAN HOSPITALITY AND CULTURE [203]
CHAPTER XIV
THE NATIONAL LIBRARY—PERUVIAN WRITERS—PAINTING AND ILLUSTRATIVE ART [217]
CHAPTER XV
THE OLDEST UNIVERSITY IN AMERICA—MODERN SCHOOLS OF PERU [233]
CHAPTER XVI
THE BENEVOLENT SOCIETIES OF PERU [247]
CHAPTER XVII
AREQUIPA—THE MISTI-HARVARD OBSERVATORY [255]
CHAPTER XVIII
A GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE COUNTRY [269]
CHAPTER XIX
THE WEALTH OF THE GUANO ISLANDS [283]
CHAPTER XX
CALLAO, THE CHIEF SEAPORT OF PERU—STEAMSHIP LINES [291]
CHAPTER XXI
AGRICULTURE AND IRRIGATION ON THE COAST [301]
CHAPTER XXII
TRUJILLO AND THE CHICAMA VALLEY [313]
CHAPTER XXIII
THE COTTON FIELDS OF PIURA [327]
CHAPTER XXIV
VINEYARDS AND ORCHARDS OF THE SOUTHERN COAST REGION [335]
CHAPTER XXV
TACNA AND ARICA [343]
CHAPTER XXVI
MINES OF THE SIERRA AND OTHER REGIONS [351]
CHAPTER XXVII
THE OROYA RAILWAY, THE HIGHEST IN THE WORLD [367]
CHAPTER XXVIII
A TRIP OVER THE SOUTHERN ROUTE—NEW RAILWAYS AND PUBLIC ROADS [377]
CHAPTER XXIX
PASTURE LANDS OF THE PLATEAU—THE ALPACA AND THE VICUÑA OF PUNO [389]
CHAPTER XXX
CUZCO, THE ANCIENT INCA CAPITAL [397]
CHAPTER XXXI
THE MONTAÑA AND ITS PRODUCTS—THE RUBBER LANDS OF LORETO [407]
CHAPTER XXXII
IQUITOS, THE CHIEF PERUVIAN PORT OF THE AMAZON [417]
CHAPTER XXXIII
NAVIGATION AND EXPLORATION ON THE AMAZON WATERWAYS [425]
CHAPTER XXXIV
FOREIGN INTERESTS IN PERU—IMMIGRATION AND COLONIZATION [431]
CHAPTER XXXV
FINANCIAL AND COMMERCIAL PROGRESS—MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES [439]
CHAPTER XXXVI
THE PASSING OF THE OLD PERU—ITS LEGACY TO POSTERITY—THE DESTINY OF THE NEW PERU [451]

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

PAGE
HIS EXCELLENCY DR. JOSÉ PARDO, PRESIDENT OF THE PERUVIAN REPUBLIC[Fronts.]
THE COAT-OF-ARMS OF PERU[Title page]
GIRDLE FOUND IN THE CEMETERY OF PACHACÁMAC[17]
SOUTHWESTERN PART OF PACHACÁMAC VIEWED FROM THE NORTH[18]
ENTRANCE TO THE PRINCIPAL PALACE OF PACHACÁMAC[19]
THE EASTERN STREET OF PACHACÁMAC[20]
TERRACES OF THE SOUTHEAST FRONT OF PACHACÁMAC, WITH CEMETERY OF SACRIFICED WOMEN[21]
A VIEW OF THE SUN TEMPLE OF PACHACÁMAC, SHOWING NICHED WALLS[22]
RUINS OF THE CONVENT, PACHACÁMAC[23]
HUACAS FROM THE GRAVES OF PACHACÁMAC[24]
PRE-INCAIC POTTERY FROM PACHACÁMAC[25]
CURIOUS SYMBOLS OF PACHACÁMAC WORSHIP[26]
FAÇADE OF THE PALACE OF CHAN-CHAN, NEAR TRUJILLO[27]
CARVED TERRACES OF THE PALACE OF CHAN-CHAN[28]
ANIMAL CARVINGS ON THE WALLS OF CHAN-CHAN[29]
RUINS OF CHAN-CHAN[30]
MORTUARY CLOTH WITH SYMBOLIC EMBLEMS[31]
FOUND IN THE BURIAL PLACE OF PACHACÁMAC[32]
OLLANTAYTAMBO, ONCE THE FAVORITE RESIDENCE OF THE INCAS[34]
AN INCAIC DOORWAY[35]
TERRACE OF THE INCA’S PALACE, OLLANTAYTAMBO[37]
WALL OF THE PALACE OF ONE OF THE INCAS, CUZCO[38]
RUINS OF THE PALACE OF MANCO-CCAPAC, CUZCO[39]
NICHE IN THE FAÇADE OF THE PALACE OF MANCO-CCAPAC[41]
INCA FOUNTAIN AT CUZCO[43]
RUINS AT OLLANTAYTAMBO[44]
STONE WALLS OF THE PALACE OF OLLANTA, OLLANTAYTAMBO[45]
RUINS OF THE TEMPLE OF THE INCA VIRACOCHA, NEAR CUZCO[46]
SEATS FROM WHICH THE INCA AND HIS SUITE VIEWED THE SACRIFICES[47]
THE RODADERO, CUZCO, SITE CHOSEN FOR RUNNING CONTESTS OF THE HUARACU[48]
FOREIGN TOURISTS AT OLLANTAYTAMBO[50]
INCA OBSERVATORY, INTI-HUATANA, AT PISAC, NEAR CUZCO[52]
CORNER-STONE OF AN ANCIENT FORTRESS, CUZCO[53]
ANCIENT STREET OF CUZCO, SHOWING INCAIC WALLS[55]
PRINCIPAL HALL OF THE INCA OBSERVATORY, INTI-HUATANA[57]
SHOWING THE TWELVE-ANGLE STONE, RUINS OF CUZCO[58]
THE INCA’S BATH, OLLANTAYTAMBO[59]
THE HOUSE OF THE SERPENTS, CUZCO[61]
DOORWAY OF THE OBSERVATORY, INTI-HUATANA[62]
THE INCA’S THRONE, OVERLOOKING THE CITY OF CUZCO[64]
ANCIENT STREET OF CUZCO[65]
RUINS OF AN INCA’S PALACE[67]
THE ANDENES, OR ARTIFICIAL TERRACES, CULTIVATED UNDER THE INCAS[68]
SEATS CUT IN SOLID STONE, AT KENKO, NEAR CUZCO[69]
ANCIENT BRIDGE OF SANTA TERESA, CUZCO[70]
AN INCAIC STREET, CUZCO[72]
ENTRANCE TO AN INCAIC HOUSE[74]
THE DEATH OF ATAHUALLPA. FROM A PAINTING BY THE PERUVIAN ARTIST LUIS MONTERO[76]
COAT-OF-ARMS OF PIZARRO GRANTED BY CHARLES V. IN HONOR OF THE DISCOVERY OF PERU[77]
FRANCISCO PIZARRO, CONQUEROR OF PERU AND FOUNDER OF LIMA[79]
GENEALOGY OF FRANCISCO PIZARRO, CONQUEROR OF PERU[81]
CAJAMARCA, WHERE ATAHUALLPA WAS SEIZED AND EXECUTED BY PIZARRO’S ORDER[83]
PIZARRO ON THE ISLAND OF GALLO. FROM A PAINTING BY JUAN O. LEPIANI[85]
AUTOGRAPHS OF THE FIRST OFFICIALS WHO GOVERNED LIMA WITH PIZARRO[86]
A DESCENDANT OF THE CONQUERED INCA[88]
COAT-OF-ARMS GRANTED PIZARRO BY CHARLES V. AFTER THE CONQUEST OF CUZCO[90]
FAÇADE OF SAN AGUSTIN CHURCH, LIMA, SHOWING ELABORATE CARVING OF COLONIAL DAYS[92]
THE FIRST COAT-OF-ARMS BESTOWED ON LIMA BY CHARLES V.[93]
LIMA RESIDENCE OF THE MARQUIS OF TORRE-TAGLE DURING THE VICEREGAL PERIOD, SHOWING “MIRADORES,” OR BALCONIES[95]
DOORWAY OF A COLONIAL PALACE IN CUZCO, PERIOD FOLLOWING THE CONQUEST[97]
CHURCH OF THE COMPAÑIA, AREQUIPA, SHOWING EXQUISITE HAND CARVING[99]
THE KEY OF THE CITY OF LIMA[102]
DOORWAY OF A CHURCH IN AREQUIPA, BUILT DURING THE COLONIAL PERIOD[103]
ENTRANCE TO A COLONIAL INN, CUZCO[106]
ONE OF THE COLONIAL PALACES OF AREQUIPA, BUILT TWO CENTURIES AGO[107]
A COLONIAL AQUEDUCT[108]
PATIO OF A COLONIAL HOUSE, LIMA[110]
THE CHOIR AND ALTAR OF THE CATHEDRAL OF LIMA—THE ALTAR OF SOLID SILVER[112]
ARMS OF THE CATHEDRAL OF LIMA[113]
THE CATHEDRAL, LIMA[115]
INTERIOR OF THE CATHEDRAL, LIMA[117]
CHURCH AND PLAZUELA OF SAN FRANCISCO, LIMA[118]
CONVENT OF SANTO DOMINGO, CUZCO, BUILT ON THE FOUNDATIONS OF THE TEMPLE OF THE SUN[119]
CLOISTER OF LA MERCED, CUZCO[120]
CHURCH OF SAN AGUSTIN, LIMA[121]
CHOIR OF THE CATHEDRAL OF CUZCO[122]
OLD CHURCH AT URCOS[123]
CHURCH OF THE COMPAÑIA AT PISCO[124]
PLAZA DE ARMAS, THE PRINCIPAL PUBLIC SQUARE OF LIMA[126]
STATUE OF BOLIVAR, LIMA[127]
PLAZA OF THE INQUISITION, LIMA[129]
THE SENATE CHAMBER, LIMA[133]
CHAMBER OF DEPUTIES, LIMA[135]
THE HISTORICAL PALACE OF THE VICEROYS, LIMA[139]
THE MUNICIPAL PALACE, LIMA[141]
ARMS OF PERU AT THE TIME OF THE INDEPENDENCE[144]
MONUMENT DOS DE MAYO[145]
DON MANUEL PARDO, THE FIRST CIVIL PRESIDENT OF PERU[148]
THE MORRO OF ARICA[150]
DON MANUEL CANDAMO—ELECTED PRESIDENT OF PERU 1903, DIED 1904[152]
GENERAL ANDRÉS CÁCERES, PRESIDENT OF PERU, 1886–1890 AND 1894–1895[155]
SCENE ON BOARD A PERUVIAN WARSHIP[158]
COAT-OF-ARMS OF PERU[160]
ONE OF THE PRINCIPAL STREETS OF LIMA, DECORATED ON A NATIONAL HOLIDAY[162]
POST OFFICE, LIMA[163]
PATIO OF THE POST OFFICE, LIMA[165]
THE PRESIDENT’S COACH LEAVING THE GOVERNMENT PALACE FOR THE HOUSE OF CONGRESS[166]
MONUMENT TO BOLOGNESI[168]
THE WAR ARSENAL, LIMA[169]
INFANTRY UNIFORM, PERUVIAN ARMY[170]
MR. ROOT AT THE NATIONAL CLUB, LIMA[171]
THE CENTRAL MARKET, LIMA[172]
PERUVIAN MARINES[173]
THE PERUVIAN IRONCLAD GRAU, IN THE HARBOR OF CALLAO[174]
THE UNVEILING OF BOLOGNESI’S STATUE IN LIMA[176]
A REVIEW OF THE TROOPS, LIMA[177]
HIS EXCELLENCY DR. AUGUSTO B. LEGUIA, ELECTED PRESIDENT OF PERU 1908–1912, TO BE INAUGURATED SEPTEMBER 24, 1908[178]
DR. EUGENIO LARRABURE Y UNÁNUE, ELECTED VICE-PRESIDENT FOR TERM 1908–1912[179]
THE MILITARY SCHOOL, CHORILLOS[180]
DR. SOLÓN POLO, MINISTER OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS IN PRESIDENT JOSÉ PARDO’S CABINET[181]
DR. CARLOS WASHBURN, PRESIDENT OF DR. PARDO’S CABINET[182]
THE MINT, LIMA[183]
REVIEW OF ARTILLERY TROOPS, LIMA[184]
BOLOGNESI CIRCLE, PASEO COLÓN, LIMA[186]
ENTRANCE TO MUNICIPAL PARK[187]
THE NATIONAL MUSEUM, LIMA[189]
THE MUNICIPAL INSTITUTE OF HYGIENE[190]
PLAZUELA DE LA RECOLETA[191]
STATUE OF COLUMBUS IN THE PASEO COLÓN[192]
KIOSK OF PALMS, EXPOSITION PARK[193]
PAVILION IN EXPOSITION PARK[194]
CHURCH OF SANTO DOMINGO[195]
SAN PEDRO, THE FASHIONABLE CHURCH OF LIMA[196]
THE BALTA BRIDGE OVER THE RIMAC RIVER[197]
PASEO COLÓN—THE FAVORITE DRIVEWAY OF LIMA[198]
THE PRESENT STANDARD OF LIMA, AS MODIFIED IN 1808[200]
A PICTURESQUE SUBURBAN DRIVEWAY, LIMA[202]
A MODERN PRIVATE RESIDENCE OF LIMA[203]
ENTRANCE TO THE BOTANICAL GARDEN, LIMA[205]
GRAND STAND OF THE JOCKEY CLUB, LIMA[206]
PRINCIPAL HALL OF THE INTERNATIONAL REVOLVER CLUB, LIMA[207]
THE AMERICAN LEGATION AT LIMA[208]
BARRANCO, A SEASIDE SUBURB OF LIMA[209]
PARK AT BARRANCO[210]
STAIRWAY OF THE NATIONAL CLUB, LIMA[211]
MAIN CORRIDOR OF THE NATIONAL CLUB, LIMA[212]
ANNUAL PROCESSION IN HONOR OF SAINT ROSE OF LIMA[213]
ROAD TO THE BEACH, CHORILLOS[214]
PORTRAIT. BY ALBERT LYNCH[216]
DR. RICARDO PALMA, DIRECTOR OF THE NATIONAL LIBRARY, LIMA[217]
INTERIOR OF THE NATIONAL LIBRARY, LIMA[219]
PATIO OF THE NATIONAL LIBRARY, LIMA[221]
DR. JOSÉ ANTONIO MIRÓ QUESADA, THE NESTOR OF THE PERUVIAN PRESS[224]
COLUMBUS BEFORE THE UNIVERSITY OF SALAMANCA, BY IGNACIO MERINO[225]
THE DISILLUSION OF THE ARTIST. BY DANIEL HERNANDEZ[226]
THE CHARMER. BY ABELARDO ALVAREZ CALDERON[227]
UNE PARISIENNE. BY ALBERT LYNCH[228]
DOLCE FAR NIENTE. BY DANIEL HERNANDEZ[230]
UNIVERSITY OF SAN MARCOS, LIMA[232]
DR. LUIS F. VILLARÁN, RECTOR OF THE UNIVERSITY OF SAN MARCOS[233]
CLOISTER OF THE NATIONAL COLLEGE OF GUADALUPE, LIMA[235]
DR. MANUEL BARRIOS, DEAN OF THE FACULTY OF MEDICINE, LIMA[236]
THE FACULTY OF MEDICINE, LIMA[237]
DR. JAVIER PRADO Y UGARTECHE, DEAN OF THE LITERARY FACULTY, UNIVERSITY OF SAN MARCOS[238]
THE NATIONAL SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE, LIMA[239]
THE SCHOOL OF ARTS AND TRADES, LIMA[241]
THE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERS, LIMA[242]
THE COLLEGE OF LAW, LIMA[244]
ALAMEDA DE LOS DESCALZOS, LIMA[246]
STREET SCENE ON THE FEAST DAY OF LA MERCED, LIMA[247]
OFFICES OF THE BENEVOLENT SOCIETY, LIMA[249]
HOSPITAL DOS DE MAYO, LIMA[251]
MILITARY HOSPITAL, LIMA[252]
THE CATHEDRAL, AREQUIPA[254]
ARCH AT THE ENTRANCE TO THE CATHEDRAL, AREQUIPA[255]
THE CRATER OF THE MISTI[256]
AREQUIPA AND THE MISTI[257]
A CELEBRATION OF MASS ON THE SUMMIT OF THE MISTI[258]
LOS PORTALES, AREQUIPA[259]
PLAZA DE ARMAS, AREQUIPA[260]
STREET SCENE, AREQUIPA[261]
CHURCH OF SANTO DOMINGO, AREQUIPA[262]
GENERAL VIEW OF THE BATHS OF YURA[263]
AT THE BATHS OF YURA, AREQUIPA[263]
BOLOGNESI PARK, AREQUIPA[264]
AVENIDA DE TINGO, AREQUIPA[265]
HARVARD OBSERVATORY AT AREQUIPA[266]
CHANCHAMAYO, ON THE EASTERN SLOPE OF THE SIERRA[268]
ON THE WAY TO MARKET[269]
LAKE OF LA VIUDA, IN THE HIGH SIERRA[270]
IN THE VALLEY OF ABANCAY[271]
SCENE ON THE TUMBES RIVER[272]
MONZON VALLEY, IN THE HUALLAGA REGION[273]
ANCÓN, A COAST RESORT NEAR CALLAO[274]
THE BELL ROCK OF ETEN[275]
QUEBRADA SANTA ROSA, ANCASH DEPARTMENT[276]
NATIVE BOATMEN ON LAKE TITICACA[278]
A LAKE AMONG THE GLACIERS OF YAULI[280]
NATURAL ARCH OF STONE AT HUANCANE, NEAR LAKE TITICACA[282]
PREPARING GUANO FOR SHIPMENT[283]
THE HOUR OF SIESTA FOR THE GUANO BIRDS[284]
THE PELICAN AT HOME[285]
GUANO ISLANDS OF LOBOS DE TIERRA[286]
DIGGING GUANO ON THE CHINCHA ISLANDS[287]
A GUANO PORT, CHINCHA ISLANDS[288]
CALLE DE LIMA, CALLAO[290]
MONUMENT TO ADMIRAL GRAU, CALLAO[291]
THE DOCKS AT CALLAO[292]
THE CUSTOM HOUSE, CALLAO[293]
STATUE OF THE LIBERATOR, CALLAO[294]
UNLOADING LUMBER AT CALLAO[295]
CALLAO HARBOR[295]
PIER OF THE ARSENAL, CALLAO[296]
PASSENGERS LANDING AT ETEN FROM A STEAMER OF THE PACIFIC LINE[297]
PREFECTURE, CALLAO[298]
A TYPICAL HACIENDA OF THE COAST REGION[300]
PICTURESQUE GARDEN ON A RICE PLANTATION[301]
IRRIGATING CANAL ON A PIURA PLANTATION[302]
LOADING SUGAR-CANE, SANTA BARBARA PLANTATION, CAÑETE[303]
PIER AND WAREHOUSES OF THE BRITISH SUGAR COMPANY, LIMITED, AT CERRO AZUL[304]
FERREÑAFE, A FLOURISHING CENTRE OF THE RICE INDUSTRY[305]
A HOLIDAY IN CHICLAYO[306]
WORKMEN ON A COAST PLANTATION[307]
STREET AND OLD CHURCH OF LAMBAYEQUE[307]
PATAPO, DEPARTMENT OF LAMBAYEQUE[308]
HUARAZ, CAPITAL OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ANCASH[309]
PORT OF PACASMAYO[310]
THE CHICAMA RIVER, DEPARTMENT OF LA LIBERTAD[312]
HUACO DEL SOL, TRUJILLO[313]
GALLERY OF THE PALACE OF JUSTICE, TRUJILLO[314]
CALLE DEL COMERCIO, TRUJILLO[315]
PICTURESQUE ROAD THROUGH A SUGAR ESTATE[316]
A CORRAL ON A SUGAR ESTATE, CHICAMA VALLEY[317]
A LOAD OF CANE READY FOR THE FACTORY[319]
MAIN ENTRANCE TO A SUGAR HACIENDA NEAR TRUJILLO[320]
THE CHAPEL OF A HACIENDA AT GALINDO[321]
PARK OF LA LIBERTAD, TRUJILLO[322]
ADMINISTRATION HOUSE OF A SUGAR ESTATE IN THE CHICAMA VALLEY[323]
A SUGAR FACTORY OF THE CHICAMA VALLEY[324]
PAITA, THE CHIEF SHIPPING PORT FOR PERUVIAN COTTON[326]
A COTTON PLANT ON A PIURA PLANTATION[327]
A BUSY THOROUGHFARE OF CATACAOS[328]
ALGARROBA TREES ON A PIURA PLANTATION[330]
IRON BRIDGE OVER THE PIURA RIVER[331]
THE MARKET PLACE AT CATACAOS[332]
A “BALSA” LOADED WITH FREIGHT, PAITA[334]
SUBMARINE BLASTING OFF MOLLENDO[335]
MOQUEGUA, A WINE-GROWING CENTRE OF THE SOUTHERN COAST REGION[336]
THE LANDING PIER OF THE PORT OF PISCO[337]
AVENUE OF WILLOW TREES ON A SOUTHERN COAST HACIENDA[338]
HARVESTING ALFALFA ON THE FRISCO HACIENDA, NEAR MOLLENDO[338]
SCENE ON A POULTRY FARM IN SOUTHERN AREQUIPA[339]
A MILK VENDER ON HER WAY TO MARKET[340]
THE SAMA VALLEY, TACNA[342]
A VENERABLE PALM OF TACNA[343]
BRIDGE ACROSS THE SAMA RIVER, PROVISIONAL BOUNDARY BETWEEN PERU AND CHILE[344]
SNOW PEAKS ON THE BOLIVIAN BORDER, TACNA[345]
CALLE SAN MARTIN, NEAR PARK ENTRANCE, TACNA[346]
VIEW OF THE SUMMIT OF THE SIERRA, TACNA[347]
EL CHUPIQUIÑA, AN EXTINCT VOLCANO IN TACNA[348]
A GOLD TRAIN EN ROUTE FROM SANTO DOMINGO TO TIRAPATA WITH BULLION IN BARS[350]
SCENE AT THE BORAX MINES OF AREQUIPA[352]
HUÁNUCO[353]
CAILLOMA MINES, ALTITUDE SEVENTEEN THOUSAND FEET, DEPARTMENT OF AREQUIPA[354]
CARMEN SHAFT, CERRO DE PASCO MINES[355]
THE INCA MINING COMPANY’S OFFICE AT SANTO DOMINGO, BUILT OF MAHOGANY[356]
THE MAIN STREET OF CERRO DE PASCO[357]
A MINING TOWN OF THE PUNA[358]
LLAMAS AND DONKEYS AWAITING CARGO AT CERRO DE PASCO[359]
OLD CHURCH IN THE MINING TOWN OF CAILLOMA[360]
MINERS ARRIVING AT AN INN IN THE SIERRA[361]
SAN JULIAN MINE, CASTROVIRREINA[362]
THE MINING TOWN OF CASAPALCA, DEPARTMENT OF LIMA[363]
HEADQUARTERS OF THE CERRO DE PASCO MINING COMPANY AT CERRO DE PASCO[364]
THE PICTURESQUE CURVE OF SAN BARTOLOMÉ, OROYA ROUTE[366]
CHOSICA BRIDGE, OROYA ROUTE[367]
CHOSICA, A HEALTH RESORT ON THE OROYA ROUTE[368]
MATUCANA, EIGHT THOUSAND FEET ABOVE THE SEA, OROYA ROUTE[369]
RAILWAY STATION IN THE SIERRA, OROYA ROUTE[370]
CHILCA, A MINING TOWN ON THE OROYA ROUTE[371]
OROYA[372]
GALERA TUNNEL, HIGHEST POINT ON THE OROYA RAILWAY, NEARLY SEVENTEEN THOUSAND FEET ABOVE THE SEA[374]
STONE ROADWAY ACROSS THE HUALLAGA RIVER, IN HUÁNUCO[376]
IRON BRIDGE OVER THE URUBAMBA RIVER[377]
ANCIENT SUSPENSION BRIDGE ON THE ROAD FROM HUANCAYO TO CAÑETE[378]
RAILWAY UP THE SIERRA FROM MOLLENDO TO AREQUIPA[379]
MOLLENDO, TERMINUS OF THE SOUTHERN RAILWAY[380]
THE TOWN OF MOLLENDO[380]
NEW RAILWAY BRIDGE AND OLD COACH ROAD BETWEEN SICUANI AND CUZCO[381]
ANCIENT VIADUCT SOTOCCHACA, AYACUCHO[382]
RAILWAY ENGINEERS’ CAMP ON THE LINE BETWEEN CHECCACUPE AND CUZCO[383]
HIGHWAY BETWEEN THE SIERRA AND THE MONTAÑA, IN THE DEPARTMENT OF JUNÍN[384]
VIEW OF THE VALLEY BETWEEN SICUANI AND CUZCO, SOUTHERN ROUTE[385]
SOUTHERN RAILWAY STATION, AREQUIPA[386]
LLAMAS OF PUNO EMBARKING ON A BALSA, LAKE TITICACA[388]
A NATIVE FAMILY OF THE PUNA[389]
THE PRINCIPAL PLAZA OF PUNO[390]
SHEEP ON THE PASTURES OF ANCASH[391]
LLAMAS GRAZING ON THE PUNA[392]
ARCHED GATEWAY OF PUNO[393]
LLAMAS—SHOWING ONE RECENTLY SHEARED[394]
CUZCO, THE ANCIENT CAPITAL OF THE INCAS’ EMPIRE[396]
ANCIENT ADOBE ARCHWAY NEAR CUZCO[397]
A FEAST DAY CELEBRATION, SHOWING THE UNIVERSITY AND THE JESUITS’ CHURCH, CUZCO[398]
INTERIOR OF THE JESUITS’ CHURCH, CUZCO[399]
THE PREFECTURE, CUZCO[400]
CALLE MARQUEZ, CUZCO[401]
THE UNIVERSITY OF CUZCO[402]
VENDERS IN THE ARCADE, CUZCO[403]
A RELIGIOUS PROCESSION IN CUZCO[404]
A RUBBER ESTABLISHMENT IN THE DEPARTMENT OF LORETO[406]
INDIANS CARRYING COCA TO MARKET[407]
CANOEING ON THE HUALLAGA RIVER[408]
SHIPYARD AT ASTILLERO, WHERE THE INCA MINING COMPANY’S FIRST STEAMER WAS BUILT[409]
CHICAPLAYA, IN THE HEART OF THE MONTAÑA[410]
CHUNCHO INDIANS OF THE PENEDO VALLEY[411]
MASISEA, THE FIRST WIRELESS TELEGRAPH STATION BUILT BETWEEN PUERTO BERMUDEZ AND IQUITOS[412]
A TURBULENT TRIBUTARY OF THE MADRE DE DIOS RIVER[413]
A RUBBER CAMP IN THE MONTAÑA[414]
RAPIDS ON THE TAMBOPATA RIVER[414]
A TYPICAL SCENE ON THE WATERWAYS OF THE UPPER AMAZON[415]
SCENE ON THE MADRE DE DIOS RIVER NEAR MALDONADO[416]
HOSPITALITY IN THE RUBBER COUNTRY[417]
THE BOOTH PIER, IQUITOS[418]
ONE OF THE PRINCIPAL STREETS OF IQUITOS[419]
CALLE DE MORONA, IQUITOS[419]
RIVER SCENE NEAR IQUITOS[420]
A VIEW OF IQUITOS FROM THE RIVER[421]
THE CUSTOM HOUSE AT IQUITOS[422]
A ROAD THROUGH THE VIRGIN FOREST TO PUERTO BERMUDEZ[424]
AN ENGINEERS’ CAMP AT PUERTO BERMUDEZ ON THE PICHIS RIVER[425]
THE CONFLUENCE OF THE CHUCHURAL AND PALCAZU RIVERS[427]
PUERTO CLEMENT[428]
FORDING THE INAMBARI RIVER[429]
TABATINGA, ON THE FRONTIER BETWEEN PERU AND BRAZIL[430]
COLONISTS OF THE SIERRA[431]
IN THE HEART OF THE MINING REGION[433]
A FOREIGN COLONY IN THE RUBBER COUNTRY[434]
A FERTILE VALLEY FOR COLONIZATION IN THE APURIMAC REGION[435]
AN INGENIOUS PROSPECTOR’S HOUSE IN THE FOREST[436]
THE VICTORIA COTTON MILLS, LIMA[438]
AN INDIAN WEAVING THE PONCHO[439]
THE LIMA SAVINGS BANK[442]
THE BANCO POPULAR, LIMA[443]
A NATIVE INDUSTRY OF THE COAST REGION[445]
A COCAINE FACTORY IN THE MONZON VALLEY[446]
THE ITALIAN BANK, LIMA[448]
VESTIBULE OF THE BANK OF LONDON AND PERU, LIMA[449]
PERUVIAN COTTON IN THE FACTORY[450]
A QUICHUA MOTHER[451]
DESCENDANTS OF THE INCAS’ SUBJECTS[452]
A TYPE OF THE AMAZON INDIAN[453]
THE SCION OF A NOBLE FAMILY OF THE FOREST[453]
ALCALDES, WITH VARAS, THE INSIGNIA OF THEIR AUTHORITY[454]
AN INDIAN WOMAN OF LORETO[455]
A NATIVE WEAVER, CHICLAYO[456]
MAP OF PERUFacing [456]

INTRODUCTION