[20] Professor of the University of Paris; one of the most popular and famous of the later Scholastics. He died 1429.
[21] Vulgate, "Cor ejus paratus est."
[22] We would say, "the whole thing in a nutshell."
[23] i. e., Sins for which the confessor was not allowed to grant absolution without reference to some higher Church authority, to whose absolution they were "reserved." See Introduction, p. 79.
[24] The power to "bind and loose" (Matt. 16:19), i. e., to forgive and to retain sins (John 20:23).
[25] The Roman Church distinguished between the "guilt" and the "penalty" of sin. It was thought possible to forgive the former and retain the latter. Submission to the penalty is "satisfaction." See Introduction to XCV. Theses, p. 19.
[26] Votum satisfactionis. It was and is the teaching of the Roman Church that, where the actual reception of any sacrament is impossible, the earnest desire to receive it suffices for salvation. The desire is known as the votum sacramenti.
[27] In Spain. The shrine of St. James at that place was a famous resort for pilgrims. Cf. below, p. 191, and note.
[28] See the Treatise on the Sacrament of Baptism, above, pp. 68 ff.
[29] Luther doubtless refers to the decrees of the popes by which special rewards were attached to worship at certain shrines.