(added by transcriber)
| [I] | INTRODUCTORY: The People and City of Rome |
| [II] | The Early Heroes |
| [III] | The Great Enemies of Rome |
| [IV] | The Scipios |
| [V] | The Gracchi |
| [VI] | Cato the Censor |
| [VII] | Caius Marius and Lucius Cornelius Sulla |
| [VIII] | The New Rome |
| [IX] | Lucius Licinius Lucullus |
| [X] | Cnaeus Pompeius |
| [XI] | Marcus Licinius Crassus |
| [XII] | Marcus Tullius Cicero |
| [XIII] | Caius Julius Caesar |
[ LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS]
| PAGE | |
| Ruins of a Roman Town—Pompeii | [1] |
| Rome and the Tiber | [2] |
| The Hills round Horace’s Farm. From a drawing by E. Lear | [5] |
| Lar, or Household God | [7] |
| Etruscan Soldier. (British Museum) | [12] |
| Roman Legionary. (British Museum) | [13] |
| Lacus Curtius. Restored. (From C. Huelsen, Das Forum Romanum. Maglioni and Strini, Rome) | [17] |
| Pyrrhus. (From a photograph by Richter & Co., Naples) | [25] |
| The Desolation of Carthage To-day. (From a photograph by Prof. J. L. Myres) | [30] |
| Carthaginian Priestess. (From The Carthage of the Phoenicians, by permission of Mr. W. Heinemann) | [31] |
| Pictures from Pompeii of a Mimic Naval Battle | [32], [33] |
| Great St. Bernard Pass. (From a photograph by F. J. Hall) | [37] |
| Trasimene. (From a photograph by Alinari) | [40] |
| Helmet found on the Field of Cannae. (British Museum) | [43] |
| A Coin of Victory | [47] |
| Scipio Africanus | [49] |
| Tragic and Comic Masks | [58] |
| Costume. The Roman Toga. (British Museum) | [65] |
| Elaborate Lamp. To show the luxury of later times | [69] |
| The Tomb of a Roman Family, to show simplicity of dress. (From a photograph by Alinari) | [74] |
| Ploughing. A Terra-cotta Group. (Journal of Hellenic Studies) | [75] |
| The Shrine of the Lar, from a House in Pompeii | [77] |
| The Aristocrat distributing Largesse; The Fisherman; The Rich Matron; The Shepherdess. (Capitoline Museum) | [80-3] |
| Trophy of Victory. (Capitoline Museum) | [84] |
| Sulla, from a coin | [89] |
| Mithridates, from a coin | [92] |
| A Boar Hunt. (Capitoline Museum) | [96] |
| Scene from a tragedy. Terra-cotta relief | [97] |
| Cutler’s Forge and Cutler’s Shop. (From the gravestone of L. Cornelius Atimetus, a Roman Cutler) | [98], [99] |
| Writing Materials. (British Museum) | [101] |
| Pompeius | [109] |
| A Vase in the shape of a Galley | [111] |
| A Triumph, from a relief of the Empire. (Capitoline Museum) | [114] |
| A Roman Villa on the Coast | [116] |
| A Thracian Gladiator | [125] |
| Orodes the Parthian | [128] |
| Cicero | [131] |
| Arpinum, Cicero’s birthplace. (From a photograph by Alinari) | [132] |
| Julius Caesar. (From a gem in the British Museum) | [142] |
| Julius Caesar. (From a bust in the British Museum) | [143] |
| Submission of Tribes, from a relief. (Capitoline Museum) | [150] |
| Roman Legionary Helmet found in Britain. (British Museum) | [151] |
| The Heights of Alesia | [152] |
| Marcus Antonius, from a coin | [153] |
| Cleopatra, from a coin | [156] |
| A Roman Coin celebrating the Murder of Caesar | [157] |
| A Cinerary Urn | [159] |
| A Roman Water-carrier with his Water-skin on his Back | [160] |
THE HILLS ROUND HORACE’S FARM
from a drawing by E. Lear
[I]
INTRODUCTORY
The People and City of Rome
More than two thousand years ago, at a time when the people in the British Isles and in most parts of Western Europe were living the lives of savages, occupied in fighting, hunting, and fishing, dwelling in rude huts, clad in skins, ignorant of everything that we call civilization, Rome was the centre of a world in many ways as civilized as ours is now, over which the Roman people ruled. The men who dwelt in this one city, built on seven hills on the banks of the river Tiber, gradually conquered all Italy. Then they became masters of the lands round the Mediterranean Sea: of Northern Africa and of Spain, of Greece, Egypt, Asia Minor and the Near East, and of Western Europe. The greatness of Rome and of the Roman people does not lie, however, in their conquests. In the end their conquests ruined them. It lies in the character, mind, and will of the Romans themselves.
In the history of the ancient world the Romans played the part that men of our race have played in the history of the modern world. They knew, as we claim to know, how to govern: how to govern themselves, and how to govern other people. To this day much in our laws and in our system of government bears a Roman stamp. They were great soldiers and could conquer: they could also hold and keep their conquests and impress the Roman stamp on all the peoples over whom they ruled. Their stamp is still upon us. Much that belongs to our common life to-day comes to us from them: in their day they lived a life not much unlike ours now. And in many respects the Roman character was like the British. We can see the faults of the Romans, if we cannot see our own; we can also see the virtues. We can see, too—looking back at them over the distance of time, judging them by their work and by what is left to us of their writings—how the mixture of faults in their virtues explains the fall as well as the rise of the great power of Rome.