[366] Qur’ān xi. 44, 45.
[367] This is a canon of Islām. If a worshipper has no means of knowing the direction of “God’s House” at Mekka, he may face in any direction he judges most probable, and so perform his worship.
[368] The Prophet.
[369] Qur’ān vi. 32; xxix. 64; xxx. 6; xlvii. 38; lvii. 19.
[370] Qur’ān lxx. 4.
[371] Qur’ān x. 37.
[372] Qur’ān lxii. 5.
[373] See, in the author’s own preface, his eulogistic mention of Sheykh Husāmu-’d-Dīn, p. iii., where this saying is also given.
[374] By “Roman,” in the East, is meant what Europeans incorrectly name “Greek.” Since Alexander of Macedon’s time, no “Greeks” have existed. Their very memory is lost in Asia, and Alexander himself is styled there “the Roman.”
[375] Commonly, in Islām, eight paradises, or, properly, eight mansions of Paradise, are reported, mentioned, and believed. Baydhāvī, in Qur’ān ii. 23, gives only seven, and one of those is wrong. Guided by him, however, I have corrected this, and verified the others, besides finding the eighth. Their names, then, are as follows:—1. Jennatu-’l-Khuld, the Paradise (garden) of Eternal Duration; 2. Jennatu ‘Aden, the Garden of Eden; 3. Jennatu-’l-Firdaws, the Garden of Paradise; 4. Jennatu-’l-Me’và, the Garden of the Abode; 5. Jennatu-’n-Na’īm, the Paradise of the Pleasantness; 6. Dāru-’s-Selām, the Home of Security; 7. Dāru-’l-Maqāma, the House of Sojourn; 8. ’Illiyūn, the Sublime Heights. Baydhāvī has Dāru-’l-Khuld for Jennatu-’l-Khuld; but that is one of the names of Hell, as occurring in Qur’ān xli. 28. There is also a Dāru-l-Qarār, Home of Permanence, mentioned in Qur’ān xl. 42; but it applies to Hell and Heaven, as does the Dāru-’l-Baqā, Home of Duration, commonly used, but not found in the Qur’ān.