In seeking illustrations to vivify the narrative it is unfortunate that so little is available. Ah! if we had pictures of Hillel, of Akiba the Martyr, of Judah the Saint, of the Jamnia Academy, of the splendor of the Babylonian Exilarch. But this very absence of pictures is in itself a bit of Jewish history.

This new edition contains quotations from the literature of the periods covered, from the Apocrypha, Philo, Josephus and the Mishna. Three chapters have been added, two on "Stories and Sayings of the Sages of the Talmud" and one on "Rabbi Judah and his times." Other chapters have been placed in more logical sequence. Both the Chronological Tables and the Notes are fuller. A new feature has been introduced in a "theme for discussion" at the close of each chapter that may be found helpful to study circles and Chautauqua societies. This has also been introduced in the recently issued "Modern Jewish History."

The author expresses his grateful indebtedness to Dr. David de Sola Pool for a most careful reading of the manuscript and for many corrections and suggestions; also to Mr. Philip Cowen for the aid rendered in collecting the illustrations. The author has availed himself of writings that have appeared on this epoch since the edition of 1904. He hopes he has succeeded in producing a more readable book.

Contents

Preface to revised edition[v.]
Introduction[vi.]
Themes for Discussion[xiii.]
Maps and Illustrations[xii.]
Chronological Tables[xii.]
Index[311]
BOOK I. JUDEA A VASSAL STATE.
Chapter I. Under Persian Sway.

Political Silence — Religious activity — The Bible Canon. Notes: Persian influence — Judaism as law — Bible books.

[17]-25
Chapter II. Greek and Jew.

Alexander the Great — Judea part of Greco-Egypt — Joseph the Satrap. Note: Greek and Jew.

[26]-32
Chapter III. Judea Fights for its Faith.

The High Priest's office sold — Religious Persecution — Judas Maccabeus — Feast of Hanukkah — The Book of Daniel. Note: Immortality.

[33]-44
Chapter IV. Judea Fights for its Independence.

Death of Judas — Jonathan — Death of Eleazar — Independence

[45]-51
Chapter V. The Apocrypha.

I. Esdras — II. Esdras — Tobit — Judith — Additions to Esther — Wisdom Literature: Wisdom of Solomon — Ecclesiasticus — Baruch — Song of the Three Holy Children — History of Susanna — Bel and the Dragon — Prayer of Manasses — I. Maccabees — II. Maccabees

[52]-66
Chapter VI. In the Diaspora.

Egypt — The Septuagint — Onias and his temple

[67]-71
BOOK II. JUDEA INDEPENDENT.

Chapter VII. Pharisees and Sadducees.

Simon — Hyrcanus I. — Pharisees and Sadducees — Essenes

[77]-84
Chapter VIII. A Royal House Again.

Aristobulus — Alexander Janneus — Queen Salome Alexandra — The "Pairs."

[85]-90
Chapter IX. Rival Claimants for the Throne.

Aristobolus II. — Prayer of Onias — Pompey takes Jerusalem.

[91]-94
Chapter X. Judea Under Roman Suzerainty.

Growth of Rome — From First Triumvirate to Empire — Herod enters on the scene — The last Hasmonean ruler.

[95]-101
Chapter XI. Herod.

Herod as man — Herod as builder — Herod as father. Note: Edom, type of Rome.

[102]-110
Chapter XII. Hillel.

Hillel as moralist — Hillel as legislator — Last days — Shammai. Note: Law and equity.

[111]-117
Chapter XIII. Herod's Successors.

Antipas and John the Baptist — The last Herodian — Judea part of a Roman province.

[117]-122
BOOK III. JUDEA UNDER ROME.

Chapter XIV. Pilate the Procurator.

Procurators in general — Pilate in particular — Proselytes.

[123]-126
Chapter XV. Jesus of Nazareth.

The Messianic hope — Jesus the man — Jesus the Messiah — Christianity — Teachings of Jesus. Note: The Crucifixion.

[127]-135
Chapter XVI. The Alexandrian School.

Jew and Greek — Jewish Missionaries.

[136]-140
Chapter XVII. Philo-Judeus.

His Bible Commentary — His philosophy — The Logos — His Ethics.

[141]-146
Chapter XVIII. A Jewish King Once More.

The mad emperor Caligula — Agrippa's youth — Agrippa the king — Agrippa slain — Agrippa II.

[147]-152
Chapter XIX. The Last Procurators.

The Zealots — The Sicarii.

[153]-156
Chapter XX. Judea's War With Rome.

Revolution — A peace party — Josephus.

[157]-160
Chapter XXI. The Siege.

The North succumbs — Rival parties in Jerusalem.

[161]-167
Chapter XXII. The Fall of Jerusalem.

Masada, the last fortress — The remnant again.

[168]-171
Chapter XXIII. Josephus and his Works.

His early life — Josephus vs. Jeremiah — His "History of the Jews" — "Contra Apion." Note: Josephus and Christianity.

[172]-180
BOOK IV. THE TALMUDIC ERA.
Chapter XXIV. Jochanan Ben Zakkai.

The Academy at Jamnia — Prayer replaces sacrifice — Halacha and Agada.

[183]-189
Chapter XXV. The Palestinian Academies.

R. Gamaliel — R. Joshua — Ordination of rabbis — The Prayer Book.

[190]-196
Chapter XXVI. Judaism and the Church.

The development of Christianity — Old and New Testaments — Gnostics. Note: Jewish Scripture and Church doctrine.

[197]-200
Chapter XXVII. Rome's Regime After Judea's Overthrow.

Proselytes again — Revolt against Trajan — Hadrian's "Promise."

[201]-205
Chapter XXVIII. Akiba.

Love and Law — Akiba's Ethics.

[206]-210
Chapter XXIX. Last Struggle for Liberty.

Bar Cochba — General Severus — Martyrdom.

[211]-216
Chapter XXX. Judah "the Saint" and His Times.

Mair and Beruria — Judah ha-Nasi — Other famous teachers.

[217]-221
Chapter XXXI. The Mishna.

Written and Oral Law — Quotations — Amoraim.

[222]-228
Chapter XXXII. Babylonia and its Schools.

The Resh Galutha — Rab and Samuel — Babylonian Schools. Note: Patriotism and Judaism.

[229]-238
Chapter XXXIII. Christianity the State Church of Rome.

Rome's decline — Why Christianity appealed to Romans — Judaism and Christianity contrasted — The Calendar.

[239]-244
Chapter XXXIV. Division of the Roman Empire.

Julian — Two Roman Empires — Goths and Vandals — Persecution of the Jews.

[245]-249
Chapter XXXV. The Talmud.

The Gemara — The contents — Talmudic Literature — Saboräim. Note: Law of the Talmud.

[250]-255
Chapter XXXVI. Sayings and Stories of the Sages of the Talmud.

God — Providence — Prayer — Righteousness — Study of the Law — Education in general — Parents and children — Woman.

[256]-263
Chapter XXXVII. Sayings and Stories of the Sages. (continued.)

Work — Truth — Justice and Honesty — Kindness — Charity — Humility and Patience — Sin — Repentance — Death and immortality — Wit and Humor.

[264]-279
BOOK V. SHEM AND JAPHETH.
Chapter XXXVIII. Beginning of the Jewish Middle Ages.

In the Byzantine Empire — Laws of Justinian — Jews again involved in war — Rome's successors — Italy — The Popes — Slavery and trade.

[281]-287
Chapter XXXIX. In the Spanish Peninsula.

Gaul and the Franks — Vicissitudes in Spain.

[288]-292
Chapter XL. Arabia.

The land and the people — Arabian Jews — Jussef the Proselyte — Samuel the chivalrous.

[293]-298
Chapter XLI. Mohammed.

The Hegira.

[299]-304
Chapter XLII. Islam and the Jews.

Christianity and Islam — The Koran or the Sword — The Spread of Islam — Fall of Visigothic Spain.

[304]-310

List of Illustrations

PAGE
Jerusalem besieged by Titus[Frontispiece]
Antiochus Epiphanes[42]
Half Shekel, Simon Maccabeus[50]
Shekel, Simon Maccabeus[51]
Goat-skin water bottles[66]
The Temple of Jerusalem[74]
Ground plan of Temple Area[75]
Coin of Johanan the High Priest[84]
Coin of the Time of Alexandra[87]
The Pool of Siloam[90]
Julius Caesar[97]
Coin of Antigonus on his accession[101]
Emperor Augustus[105]
Coin of Agrippa I.[148]
Coin of Agrippa II.[152]
Battlement on a house-top[160]
Emperor Titus[164]
Coin of the Reign of Titus[166]
The Golden Candlestick (on Arch of Titus depicting carrying the spoil of Judea)[169]
Flavius Josephus[173]
The Arch of Titus, raised to commemorate the overthrow of Judea[180]
Brass Coin struck in Rome during reign of Vespasian, indicating Judea's overthrow[189]
Brass Coin of Nerva, marking the withdrawal of certain abuses in connection with the Jewish Tax[205]
Coin of the Second Revolt of Bar Cochba[216]
————
Map, Palestine Before the War, 66 B.C.E.[Front]
Map, The Diaspora[Back]