54 See Note 53.
55 The Gallo-Roman dialects are divided into two groups, the dialects of the langue d'oc (southern) and those of the langue d'oil (northern). It was Dante who introduced this somewhat irrational distinction based upon the different ways of saying "yes," that is, <I>oc</I> and <I>oil</I> (Latin, <I>hoc</I> and <I>ille</I>).
56 In the middle of the eleventh century, it must be added,
differences between neighboring dialects were not yet very
pronounced.
57 James Darmesteter, Introduction to the <I>Reliques
scientifiques,</I> of his brother Arsene Darmesteter (Paris,
1890), vol. I, p. XVIII.
58 Eliezer ben Nathan, of Mayence (about 1145), correspondent of
Meir and of his sons Samuel and Jacob, author of the work
<I>Eben ha-Ezer,</I> whence the passage quoted has been taken
(Pp.107, p.36a).
59 The Persian word <I>Parshandata,</I> name of one of the sons
of Haman, was divided into <I>Parshan</I> and <I>data,</I>
"expounder of the Law." This epithet is applied to Rashi in
the poem attributed to Ibn Ezra, cited in chap. XI, p.207.
60 Rashi seems also to have known about the Targum of the
Pseudo-Jonathan upon the Pentateuch. See Note 72.
61 Concerning the development of Biblical studies in general,
among Jews as well as Christians, see pp.127 <I>et seq.</I>
62 L. Wogue, <I>Histoire de la Bible et de l'exegese
biblique,</I> p.250.
63 See p.38. This Midrash is taken from the Tanhuma.