Prof. Koch's Method to Cure Tuberculosis Popularly Treated

by Max Birnbaum

If even then, after such treatment for months, no improvement could be noticed but rather that the general state of health was reduced, nothing remained to be done excepting an operation, by which all the diseased parts of the knee-joint were removed, or amputation, that is, the taking off of the diseased limb. The latter method was generally adopted in the case of feeble and emaciated individuals and those who had passed the age of early manhood, as with these the removal of the diseased parts did not, as a rule, result in an improvement of the general condition, which was especially intended.

Now tuberculous inflammation of the knee-joint will be treated by Koch's method and in extreme cases only will operation be necessary. At all rates, an absolute cure will be easily effected.

Aside from the hip- and knee-joint the spinal column is most frequently attacked by tuberculosis. Here also it is the youthful age, from the third year upward, that has to suffer most from this serious disease. Adults are rarely attacked by it and with them it generally appears in connection with general tuberculosis.

The tubercle-bacilli penetrate into the substance of the vertebrae, destroy the same and transform it into purulent matter. As a result the destroyed vertebrae sink or rather settle down and cause a curvature of the spine, in other words a humpback.

In the beginning the symptoms of diseased spine are very indefinite and misleading. The patient rarely complains of pain at first, and it is only noticed that the sick child easily tires of standing or walking and tends to hold on to chairs and similar objects with his hands to relieve the spinal column of the weight. From such uncertain data it is of course impossible to recognize the disease.

Only then when the softened vertebrae give way under the weight of the body, that is when the humpback begins to develop, can tuberculous inflammation of the spine be surmised with any degree of certainty.

As a rule two other characteristic phenomena appear which are dependent on the pain in the affected spinal column. The child, while standing, places his hand on the thighs and thus directly supports part of the weight of the trunk with the lower extremities; at the same time he avoids bending the spinal column forward. This anxious care for the diseased vertebrae is especially noticeable when the child attempts to pick up an object from the floor. While the healthy child bends freely forward, the sick one crouches down and while bending the knee and hip keeps the spinal column as straight and stiff as possible. Frequently a small spot on the spinal column is found to be extremely sensitive to pressure in this stage; but such a subjective symptom must be considered with caution especially with children.

This humpback, which is a result of tuberculous inflammation of the spine, must not be confounded with the humpback caused by rickets. With the latter the curvature is more uniform as a rule, and in the start at least, disappears while in a horizontal position. Besides the humpback resulting from rickets appears between the first and fourth years of age, while tuberculous inflammation of the spine rarely begins before the fourth year. And finally rickets never causes suppuration while this is always the case with inflammation of the spine.

The progress of suppuration is downward as a rule and does not admit of examination until it gets near to the surface of the body; before this the feverish conditions toward evening are the only signs that indicate beginning suppuration. Ardent fever is not attendant during this time; the temperature does not exceed 38 or 38.6° C. and even such trifling increase of temperature may be wanting.

As soon as the skin is reached by the originally deepseated centres of suppuration, it gradually becomes red and later on also suppurated. If the skin is broken and the matter discharged, great care must be taken to keep the wound clean, as otherwise the suppurative cavities may suddenly become ichorous and lead to rapid death. In other cases this extreme result is not caused and fistulae are formed from which the ichor constantly flows. Small bits of mortified and broken off bones may be thrown out with the matter.