Both specimens were taken from a feeding tree, Trema orientalis, in which they were eating berries. This species of tree was used for shade in the cocoa.
Pycnonotus cyaniventris paroticalis (Sharpe): Gray-bellied Bulbul.—Specimens, 2: Cocoa Research Station: ♀ largest ovum 2 mm., 21.6 gm., August 25, 1962, MCT 2808; ♂ testis 7 × 4 mm., 20.5 gm., September 13, 1962, MCT 2916.
On August 23, 1962, I saw four in the cocoa but they took flight into the forest. I later collected two specimens from a shade tree, Trema orientalis, in which they were feeding upon the berries.
Pycnonotus atriceps atriceps (Temminck): Black-headed Bulbul.—Specimens, 9: Cocoa Research Station: ♀, April 29, 1963, ADG 85; ♀, April 27, 1963, ADG 72; ♀, April 20, 1963, ADG 90; ♂, April 27, 1963, ADG 69; ♂, April 28, 1963, ADG 79; ♂, April 26, 1963, ADG 61; ♂, April 28, 1963, ADG 81; ♂ juv., April 28, 1963, ADG 82; ♂, May 1, 1963, ADG 97.
I did not see this species in my stay at the Cocoa Research Station, and the specimens taken by Garcia constitute the only record. The juvenal plumage in one specimen indicates that the species breeds at Quoin Hill.
Pycnonotus zeylanicus (Gmelin): Yellow-crowned Bulbul.—It was common at Tuaran.
Pycnonotus goiavier gourdini Gray 1847: Yellow-vented Bulbul.—Specimens, 17: Tenom: ♀, December 31, 1962, MCT 3547; ♂ testis 9 × 6 mm., December 31, 1962, MCT 3548; ♀ oviduct regressing, old brood patch, December 31, 1962, MCT 3549; ♂, December 31, 1962, MCT 3550; ♀ oviduct nearly regressed, January 1, 1963, MCT 3556; ♀, January 1, 1963, MCT 3557; ♂ testis 9 × 7 mm., December 31, 1963, MCT 3558; ♂ testis enlarged, January 1, 1963, MCT 3559; ♀, January 1, 1963, MCT 3560; ♂, January 2, 1963, MCT 3562; ♀, January 2, 1963, MCT 3566; ♂, January 2, 1963, MCT 3567; ♂ testis 9 × 7 mm., January 2, 1963, MCT 3568; ♂, January 2, 1963, MCT 3569; ♀, January 2, 1963, MCT 3570; ♀, January 2, 1963, MCT 3571; ♂ testis 9 × 7 mm., January 2, 1963, MCT 3572.
Although this species was observed by me at the Cocoa Research Station, I was unable to obtain any specimens. It was also seen commonly at Semporna, Siamil Island, Kalabakan, Brantian Estate, and at Tuaran, always associated with cultivated areas. The birds obviously were breeding at Tenom in December, and several young were taken. In some, the molt of the wings, body, and tail had begun.
Pycnonotus plumosus hutzi Stresemann: Large Olive Bulbul.—Specimens, 8: Tenom: ♀, December 31, 1962, MCT 3551; ♂ testis 6 × 5 mm., January 1, 1963, MCT 3553; ♂ testis small, January 1, 1963, MCT 3554; ♂ testis 6 × 4 mm., January 4, 1963, MCT 3577; ♂ testis 5 × 4 mm., January 4, 1963, MCT 3578. Mt. Rumas: ♂, March 6, 1963, ADG 16; ♀, March 6, 1963, ADG 17; sex?, March 6, 1963, ADG 15.