October, 1915
CONTENTS
| PAGE | ||
| Introduction | [13] | |
| I. | Greek Religious Concepts | [21] |
| II. | Roman Religious Concepts | [40] |
| III. | Greek and Roman Concepts of Race | [48] |
| IV. | Sketch of Jewish History between Nebuchadnezzar and Constantine | [56] |
| V. | Internal Development of the Jews during the Persian Period | [66] |
| VI. | The First Contact between Greek and Jew | [76] |
| VII. | Egypt | [90] |
| VIII. | Jews in Ptolemaic Egypt | [104] |
| IX. | The Struggle against Greek Culture in Palestine | [118] |
| X. | Antiochus the Manifest God | [135] |
| XI. | The Jewish Propaganda | [148] |
| XII. | The Opposition | [163] |
| XIII. | The Opposition in Its Social Aspect | [176] |
| XIV. | The Philosophic Opposition | [191] |
| XV. | The Romans | [210] |
| XVI. | Jews in Rome during the Early Empire | [236] |
| XVII. | The Jews of the Empire till the Revolt | [257] |
| XVIII. | The Revolt of 68 C.E. | [287] |
| XIX. | The Development of the Roman Jewish Community | [304] |
| XX. | The Final Revolts of the Jews | [328] |
| XXI. | The Legal Position of the Jews in the Later Empire | [350] |
| Summary | [368] | |
| Notes | [373] | |
| Bibliography | [415] | |
| Index | [417] |
ILLUSTRATIONS
| Arch of Titus, Rome | [Frontispiece] |
| Ruins of the Amphitheater at Gerasa (Jerash), Gilead, Palestine | [62] |
| Antiochus (IV) Epiphanes, after a Coin (from a Drawing by Ralph Iligan) | [136] |
| Greek Inscription, Found on Site of Temple Area, Forbidding Gentiles to Pass beyond the Inner Temple Walls at Jerusalem | [186] |
| Ruins of an Ancient Synagogue at Merom, Galilee, Palestine (Roman Period) | [216] |
| Tombs of the Kings, Valley of Kedron, Jerusalem (from Wilson’s “Jerusalem”) | [268] |
| Symbols and Inscriptions from Jewish Catacombs and Cemeteries in Rome (from Garrucci) | [310] |
INTRODUCTION
The civilization of Europe and America is composed of elements of many different kinds and of various origin. Most of the beginnings cannot be recovered within the limits of recorded history. We do not know where and when a great many of our fundamental institutions arose, and about them we are reduced to conjectures that are sometimes frankly improbable. But about a great many elements of our civilization, and precisely those upon which we base our claim to be called civilized—indeed, which give us the word and the concept of civic life—we know relatively a great deal, and we know that they originated on the eastern shores of the large landlocked sea known as the Mediterranean.