[61]. Herodotus, vii. 89: παρείχοντο δὲ αὐτὰς (sc. τὰς τριήρεας) εοἵδε, Φοίνικες μὲν σὺν Σὺροισι τοῖσι ὲν τῆ Παλαιστίν ῃ, and he later defines the name specifically (ibid.): τῆς δὲ Συρίας τοῦτο τὸ χωρίον καὶ τὸ μέχρι Αιγύπτου πᾶν Παλαιστίνη καλέεται.
[62]. Aramaic Papyri Discovered at Assuan, edited by Sayce and Cowley, London, 1906. Aramäische Papyri ... zu Elephantine, ed. Sachau, Leipzig, 1911.
[63]. Josephus, Antiquities, XI. vii. Reference to the same incident in Eusebius, Chron. (Ol. 103), Syncellus (486, 10), and Orosius (iii. 7) depends upon Eusebius. The general statement of pseudo-Hecataeus (ap. Joseph, in Ap. i. 22) is, of course, worthless as evidence.
Ochus was especially noted for his sacrilege. (Cf. Aelian, N. A. x. 23).
[64]. After the death of Antiochus Sidetes, in 129 B.C.E., the various occupants or claimants of the Syrian throne are scarcely to be distinguished by nickname or number. They are uniformly imbeciles or puppets, and the last of them, Antiochus XIII, dies miserably at the hands of a Bedouin sheik.
[65]. In the Talmud John Hyrcanus is always יהוחנן כהן הגדל, but Alexander is יני המלך. On the coins John styles himself High Priest; but Jannai, on both his Hebrew and Greek coins, bears the title of King, יהונתן המלך and Αλεξάνδρου βασίλεως. Cf. Madden, Coins of the Jews. We have no record that the royal title was specifically bestowed upon Jannai, either by the Seleucids or by the people. It is therefore likely that it was assumed without such authorization. The high-priesthood, on the other hand, was duly conferred upon Simon and his descendants.
Chapter V
INTERNAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE JEWS DURING THE PERSIAN PERIOD
[66]. Cf. especially the Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs, in the editions of Kautzsch or Charles.
[67]. That the name is Sira and not Sirach, as it appears in the LXX, is generally accepted. It was the practice of Greeks to put a final Χ to foreign names to indicate that they were indeclinable. Cf. Ἰωσήχ (Luke iii. 26) for José.
[68]. Ecclesiasticus xlviii. 24.