[48] Journal des Goncourt. Dernière série, premier volume, 1870-71. Paris, 1890, p. 17.
[49] Viennese for ‘fop.’—Translator.
[50] Traité des Dégénérescences, passim.
[51] Personally communicated by the distinguished statistician, Herr Josef Körösi, Head of the Bureau of Statistics at Budapest.
[52] Speech of the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Mr. Goschen, in the House of Commons, April 11, 1892.
[53] J. Vavasseur in the Economiste français of 1890. See also Bulletin de Statistique for 1891. The figures are uncertain, for they have been given differently by every statistician whom I have consulted. The fact of the increase in the consumption of alcohol alone stands out with certainty in all the publications consulted. Besides spirits, fermented drinks are consumed per head of the population, according to J. Körösi:
| Great Britain. | ||
| Wine Gall. | Beer and Cider Gall. | |
| 1830-1850 | 0.2 | 26 |
| 1880-1888 | 0.4 | 27 |
| France. | ||
| 1840-1842 | 23 | 3 |
| 1870-1872 | 25 | 6 |
| Prussia. | ||
| Quarts. | ||
| 1839 | 13.48 | |
| 1871 | 17.92 | |
| German Empire. | ||
| Litres. | ||
| 1872 | 81.7 | |
| 1889-1890 | 90.3 | |
[54] In France the general mortality was, from 1886 to 1890, 22.21 per 1,000. But in Paris it rose to 23.4; in Marseilles to 34.8; in all towns with more than 100,000 inhabitants to a mean of 28.31; in all places with less than 5,000 inhabitants to 21.74. (La Médecine moderne, year 1891.)
[55] Traité des Dégénérescences, pp. 614, 615.
[56] Brouardel, La Semaine médicale. Paris, 1887, p. 254. In this very remarkable study by the Parisian Professor, the following passage appears: ‘What will these [those remaining stationary in their development] young Parisians become by-and-by? Incapable of accomplishing a long and conscientious work, they excel, as a rule, in artistic activities. If they are painters they are stronger in colour than in drawing. If they are poets, the flow of their verses assures their success rather than the vigour of the thought.’