[37] See P. Schumacher, Bull. l. c., p. 38, for burials in the mounds on the Island of San Miguel.
[38] Virchow found them in the Spanish shellmounds (Ranke, l. c., II, p. 533), while in those of Denmark they are absent. Schumacher (Smiths. Rep., 1874, p. 337) states that he observed shellmounds in Southern California which had been temporary abodes only and were devoid of graves; while D. G. Brinton asserts that in Florida graves occurred in natural shellmounds, while artificial shellmounds were free of them (l. c., 1866, p. 357). Such general statements cannot be accepted unless they are supported by observations over larger fields than these.
[39] H. C. Yarrow, Introduction to the mortuary custom among the North American Indians, 1880, p. 58, points out that this custom was general among those Indians who cremated their dead.
[40] Bulletin U. S. Geol. and Geogr. Survey, III, p. 34. In other places shellmound graves lie deeper; thus sometimes three to six feet on the Island of San Miguel (P. Schumacher, Bull. l. c., p. 38).
[41] Charles Rau, Ancient Aboriginal Trade in North America, Smithson. Rep., 1872, p. 361 (from G. Squier).
[42] l. c., p. 360.
[43] Art in Shell, Second Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology, 1880 to 1881, pl. XXIII, fig. 6.
[44] P. Schumacher, Smithson. Rep., 1874, p. 349.
[45] Central California, cf. also Moorehead, l. c., p. 259.
[46] P. Schumacher, Bull. l. c., p. 34.