Alypin. This substance occurs as a crystalline powder, easily soluble in water, alcohol and ether, and makes a neutral solution.
Alypin is in every respect the equal of cocaine though not quite as strong. Schleich has found that its use, in conjunction with minute quantities of cocaine, permitted of a reduction of the entire amount of anesthetics necessary to accomplish insensibility.
In its use on mucous membranes it does not cause any anemia and therefore no secondary bleeding occurs. This is a great advantage also in the examination of mucous membrane lined cavities, such as the eye, nose, throat and urethra, inasmuch as after the application of cocaine, the blanching of the membrane conveys no idea of the real condition of the parts.
Because of the results he obtained, Schleich now recommends the following solutions for infiltration:
| 1. | Cocaine | 0. | 1 |
| Alypin | 0. | 1 | |
| Sodium chloride | 0. | 2 | |
| Distilled water | 100. | ||
| 2. | Cocaine | 0. | 05 |
| Alypin | 0. | 05 | |
| Sodium chloride | 0. | 2 | |
| Distilled water | 100. | ||
| 3. | Cocaine | 0. | 01 |
| Alypin | 0. | 01 | |
| Sodium chloride | 0. | 2 | |
| Distilled water | 100. |
For other operative procedures of a minor character, it has been found that one-fourth per cent. to one-eighth per cent. is sufficient. For application to mucous membranes, as in the urethra, nose and throat, 1 per cent. to 2 per cent. has proved effective.
Stovaine. Stovaine is used more for spinal anesthesia than for local purposes; it is said to work well in inflamed tissues.
Several drugs have been used because of their lessened toxicity and many are constantly being tried but to be abandoned because of their inefficiency or irritating qualities. None of them are as efficient as cocaine and the weak solutions of Schleich are about as active as stronger solutions of many of these and are not more toxic.