The accompanying diagrams are intended to show the plan of arrangement in these flowers. Fig. 69 shows the disposition of parts in the primary flower and the situation of the axillary buds. Fig. 70 shows the primary flower without any central prolongation, but giving off axillary buds, two of which are shown in the diagram, 2, 2; these are, each of them, the subject of both median, 3, 3, and axillary prolification, 4', 4'.
Fig. 70.—Diagram to explain the construction of the double-flowered Orchis.
1. The primary flower, with no median bud, the position of which, had it been present, is shown by the dotted line.
2. Two axillary buds proceeding from 1, and themselves giving origin to
3, 3. Median buds, and 3', 3', axillary buds.
4' 4'. Axillary buds, proceeding from 3. No median bud is produced from 3; its situation, had it been present, is indicated by the dotted line.
In Narcissus major a similar combination of both forms of prolification exists, as described by Morren.[144]
On the general subject of Prolification in flowers, in addition to the authorities already cited, the reader may refer to the following among many others:
Linnæus, 'Prolepsis,' §§ vi et vii. Goethe, 'Versuch. Metamorph.,' cap. xv and xvi §§ 103–106. Moquin-Tandon,' El. Ter. Veg.,' p. 362, &c. Engelmann, 'De Antholys.,' §§ 52–62, &c. Cramer, 'Bildungsabweichungen,' &c. Orchidaceæ, Umbelliferæ, Compositæ, Leguminosæ, Primulaceæ, Ranunculaceæ. Fleischer, 'Missbild. Cultur Gewachs.' Schlechtendal, 'Linnæa,' xv, p. 408, Rosa. 'Bot. Zeit.' vol. xx, 1862, p. 382, Cyclamen. 'Bot. Zeit.,' vol. xx, p. 301, Asphodelus; et Lilium. Seringe, 'Bull. Bot.,' i, t. xi, f. 7, 8, Arabis, Diplotaxis. Clos, 'Mem. Acad. Toulouse,' 5th sér., 1862, Papaver. Wigand, 'Flora,' 1856, p. 716, Hypochæris; et 'Bot. Untersuch.,' p. 19. Buchenau,' Flora,' 1857, p. 295, Reseda. Roeper, 'Bot. Zeit.,' 1852, p. 427, Orchis. Presl., 'Linnæa,' vi, p. 599, tab. ix, figs. 5–8, Sisymbrium, Vrolik., 'Flora,' 1846, p. 97, t. i et ii, id. 1844, t. i, Digitalis. See also Schlechtendal, 'Bot. Zeit.,' vol. ix, 1851, p. 579. Klinsmann, 'Linnæa,' x, p. 604, t. v, Hesperis. Fuckel, 'Flora,' 1848, p. 609. Melilotus. De Candolle, 'Organogr.,' i, 396, t. 33. Turpin, 'Atlas de Goethe,' p. 65, t. 5, figs. 12, 13. Fenzl. 'Sitzungsbericht d. k. Akad. d. Wissensch. Wien.,' heft, iii, tabs. 3, 4, Rosa. Kirschleger, 'Flora,' 1845, 613, Dianthus, Rosa. 'Institut.,' 1841, No. 413, p. 421, Tragopogon. Baron de Melicoq., 'Ann. Sc. Nat.,' 3rd ser., vol. v. 1846, p. 61, Antirrhinum. Reichenbach, 'Icon. Fl. Germ.,' tab. 100, Reseda—"monstrosa anticipatio Euphorbiacearum et Capparidearum." Duhamel, 'Phys. Arbres.,' liv. iii, cap. 3, p. 303, pl. xii, f. 306, Rosa. Caspary, 'Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr.,' vol. vi, 1859, p. 235, Rev. Bibl., Pyrus. Eichler, 'Flora,' 1865, tab. ix, Cleome. Lindley, 'Elements of Botany,' p. 63, &c., Rosa, Epacris, Anagallis, Pyrus. Irmish, 'Flora,' 1858, p. 38, Pyrus; and 'Bot. Zeit.,' xix, 1861, p. 342, Hyacinthus. Duchartre, 'Bull. Soc. Bot. France,' 1861, p. 451, Rosa. Weber, 'Verhandl. Nat. Hist. Verein. Rhein. Preuss., &c.' 1858 et 1860. Landrin, 'Mem. Soc. Sc. Nat. Seine et Oise,' 1866?[145] Masters, 'Trans. Linn. Soc.,' vol. xxiii, p. 359, tab. 34 and p. 481, tab. 54.
Prolification of the embryo.—This term was applied by Moquin-Tandon to a peculiar condition of the almond (Amygdalus), in which, indeed, it is not of unfrequent occurrence. In these cases one almond encloses within its cotyledons a second embryo, and this, again, in some instances, a third, the little plants being thus packed like so many boxes one within the other. The supplementary embryos are, in the ripe state at least, quite separate and detached one from another. These cases differ from the ordinary instances wherein there is an increased number of embryos in one seed in their position. In the latter case, as often happens in the seeds of the orange, the new products are placed by the side one of another.[146]
For other cases of prolification or the adventitious formation of buds on leaves, roots, &c., see under Heterotaxy.