A preliminary examination in Latin, Arithmetic, and English, has to be passed, unless the candidate can produce a certificate of having passed the Local Examinations of the Universities of Oxford, Cambridge, Durham, or Edinburgh, the Examination of the College of Preceptors, or those of any legally constituted examining body previously approved by the Council, provided Latin and arithmetic be included in the subjects.
Before going up for the other examinations each candidate must produce a certified declaration that for three years she has been registered and employed as an apprentice or student, or has otherwise for three years been practically engaged in the translation and dispensing of prescriptions.
The cost of passing the three examinations necessary to become a pharmaceutical chemist, including tuition, examiner's fees, books, chemicals, apparatus, &c., is from £80 to £100, and the time required for study after the apprenticeship would be from a year to eighteen months.
Miss Isabella S. Clarke, a pharmaceutical chemist, in Spring Street, Paddington, is willing to take outdoor apprentices for three years at a premium of £100.
The capital required to start in business with a reasonable prospect of success is from £500 to £1,000; the nearer it is to £1,000 the better. The stores have done much to injure chemists' business by selling patent medicines, hair-washes, soap, scents, &c., at much lower prices than private traders can afford to adopt.
Dispensers.—I understand that many doctors who prepare their own medicines are willing to employ ladies to dispense them, at salaries ranging from £30 to £50. The necessary knowledge can be acquired at the New Hospital for Women, Marylebone Road, where they are willing to take girls and teach them dispensing for six months for a premium of £5. It is necessary that candidates should have a slight knowledge of Latin, and an intimate acquaintance with arithmetic, especially fractions; and desirable that they should be of studious habits, as they are expected to read various books recommended them by the authorities. Employment can also occasionally be obtained at hospitals, especially by ladies who can undertake bookkeeping as well as dispensing.
Hospital Nurses.—Hospital nursing affords certain employment to capable women, and, although the salaries are low, it must be remembered that liberal board, comfortable bed-rooms, and washing, are always included. Trained nurses' salaries usually commence at £20, rising, according to experience and responsibilities, to £30. Chief nurses of wards, usually called ward sisters, obtain in the chief London hospitals from £35 to £50. Matrons and lady superintendents of nursing receive from £50 to £100. Nearly all the London hospitals train nurses.
I give the rules of the Nightingale Fund and of the Westminster Training School, as I believe these will be found fair specimens of the rest.
At St. Thomas's two classes of probationers are received. The rules for special probationers are as follows:—
The committee of the Nightingale Fund have made arrangements for the admission to their school at St. Thomas's Hospital of a limited number of gentlewomen who may desire to qualify themselves in the practice of hospital nursing, with the express object of entering upon this profession permanently, by eventually filling superior situations in public hospitals and infirmaries.